{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T07:25:41Z","timestamp":1787124341135,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":280,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82372831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82372831"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82403963"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82403963"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFB3311703\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFB3311703\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MedComm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The incidence of early\u2010onset prostate cancer (EOPC) is rising, and by 2045 a 24.5% increase in cases and a 50% rise in mortality are projected. Accumulating evidence indicates that EOPC represents a distinct disease entity, characterized by unique molecular features, risk factor profiles, and clinical behavior that differ from standard\u2010onset prostate cancer (SOPC). Nevertheless, research in this field remains nascent, and no consensus exists regarding the optimal management of EOPC. We synthesize current evidence on the epidemiology, molecular pathology, clinicopathological characteristics, survival, management, and early detection of EOPC. EOPC exhibits a distinctive molecular landscape, with TMPRSS2\u2013ERG fusions occurring in 63\u201390% of cases as a hallmark alteration, whereas mutations in PTEN, SPOP, and CHD1 are significantly less frequent. Notably, the prevailing focus on hereditary EOPC has inadvertently led to the neglect of sporadic cases, which dominate clinical practice. Although localized EOPC confers no significant prognostic advantage over SOPC, high\u2010risk or metastatic early\u2010onset disease substantially elevates prostate\u2010cancer\u2010specific mortality. By critically appraising the existing evidence, we identify key knowledge gaps, such as the understudied sporadic EOPC subgroup and the lack of dedicated clinical trials, and propose future research directions to inform early detection and optimize therapeutic strategies for this unique patient population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T11:57:43Z","timestamp":1784721463000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Early\u2010Onset Prostate Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Biology, Clinical Features, Management, and Early Detection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Xingyu","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Institute of Urology West China Hospital of Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weizhen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Institute of Urology West China Hospital of Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weichao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Institute of Urology West China Hospital of Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Institute of Urology West China Hospital of Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Institute of Urology West China Hospital of Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Institute of Urology West China Hospital of Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Institute of Urology West China Hospital of Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Institute of Urology West China Hospital of Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4589-197X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Institute of Urology West China Hospital of Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_21_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00651-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.70020"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00243-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2014.91"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-025-17665-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-022-00672-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_9_1","first-page":"656","article-title":"Is Early\u2010Onset Cancer an Emerging Global Epidemic? Current Evidence and Future Implications","volume":"10","author":"Ribelles N.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjonc-2023-000049"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00426-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.06.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xgen.2025.101032"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2015-202993"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2018.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-025-00842-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-02020-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2013.10.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.11.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2025.1143"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.9960"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adl3747"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108447"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2024.101737"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103178"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-024-02861-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.16900"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2024.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-021-00442-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-023-00602-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-011-0801-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.17703"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.2003.04232.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_35_1","unstructured":"N.Mottet P.Cornford R. C. N.van denBergh et\u00a0al. EAU\u2010EANM\u2010ESTRO\u2010ESUR\u2010ISUP\u2010SIOG guidelines on prostate cancer(2023) https:\/\/uroweb.org\/guidelines\/prostate\u2010cancer."},{"key":"e_1_2_21_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-019-0691-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2018.6760"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24109"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10689-015-9832-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.23190"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2024.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.20729"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.08.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00522-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.06.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1110000"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2012.07.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-12-1000-T","article-title":"HOXB13 G84E Mutation in Finland: Population\u2010Based Analysis of Prostate, Breast, and Colorectal Cancer Risk","volume":"3","author":"Laitinen V. H.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention: A Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-12-1154","article-title":"HOXB13 Mutation and Prostate Cancer: Studies of Siblings and Aggressive Disease","volume":"4","author":"Witte J. S.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention: A Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-12-0495","article-title":"Confirmation of the HOXB13 G84E Germline Mutation in Familial Prostate Cancer","volume":"8","author":"Breyer J. P.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention: A Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djs288"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.09.117"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-021-01622-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-022-02125-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-14-0995","article-title":"Assessing the Cumulative Contribution of New and Established Common Genetic Risk Factors to Early\u2010Onset Prostate Cancer","volume":"5","author":"Lange E. M.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention: A Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093436"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105168"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0142-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-022-00266-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.15535"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2407934"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-020-00748-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djab058"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.78304"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05190-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-023-01534-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.20034"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2023.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2021.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027130"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.4934"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.23900"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-017-1696-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.02808"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_77_1","article-title":"Familial Risk of Early and Late Onset Cancer: Nationwide Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"345","author":"Kharazmi E.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bmj (Clinical Research edition)"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.10211"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-024-00948-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a030387"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI155031"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-020-0859-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_83_1","first-page":"7496","article-title":"Temporal Trends and Racial Disparities in Global Prostate Cancer Prevalence","volume":"5","author":"Rebbeck T. R.","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Canadian Journal of Urology"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2007.02.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2023.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2024.08.2336"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-020-01291-3","article-title":"Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis of the Associations Between Body Mass Index, Prostate Cancer, Advanced Prostate Cancer, and Prostate\u2010Specific Antigen","volume":"5","author":"Harrison S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Causes & Control: CCC"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.6220"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004362"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_21_91_1","first-page":"3198","article-title":"Different Effect of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome on Prostate Cancer by Age Group","volume":"12","author":"Lee G.","year":"2022","journal-title":"American Journal of Cancer Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djw225"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2011.253"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34116"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008923802001","article-title":"Prostate Cancer Risk and Prediagnostic Serum 25\u2010Hydroxyvitamin D Levels (Finland)","volume":"9","author":"Ahonen M. H.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Causes & Control: CCC"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyac124"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2024.101688"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003859"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003988"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000021180"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-019-5361-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.696702"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_103_1","article-title":"Risk of Prostate Cancer for Men Fathering Through Assisted Reproduction: Nationwide Population Based Register Study","volume":"366","author":"Al\u2010Jebari Y.","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research edition)"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-017-0896-9","article-title":"Racial Differences in Prostate Cancer Risk in Young HIV\u2010Positive and HIV\u2010Negative Men: A Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"7","author":"Dutta A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Causes & Control: CCC"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-05-0913","article-title":"Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Clinical Prostatitis, and the Risk of Prostate Cancer","volume":"11","author":"Sutcliffe S.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention: A Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-09-0241","article-title":"Association of Colorectal Cancer and Prostate Cancer and Impact of Radiation Therapy","volume":"7","author":"Huo D.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention: A Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2013-101803"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2013-101662"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2017.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2024.123531"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2013.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09744"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07738"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1117679"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1593\/neo.07822"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.21265"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.23823"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2279"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pcan.2013.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.23914"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-020-00314-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.06.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3315"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-0486"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_126_1","article-title":"A MYC Family Switch: L\u2010MYC Drives and Maintains Neuroendocrine Lineage Programs in Prostate Cancer","volume":"2025","author":"Sivalingam J.","year":"2025","journal-title":"bioRxiv: The Preprint Server for Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2011.56"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_129_1","first-page":"1057","article-title":"Robotic\u2010Assisted Radical Prostatectomy in Young Adults: Age\u2010Stratified Oncological and Functional Outcomes","volume":"5","author":"Bhat K.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Robotic Surgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.07.153"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2016.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03915603221078266"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2019.34.e78"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_134_1","first-page":"150","article-title":"Outcomes of Men Aged \u226450 Years Treated With Radical Prostatectomy: A Retrospective Analysis","volume":"2","author":"Song B.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Andrology"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcma.2016.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-015-0117-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2019.08.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_138_1","first-page":"50","article-title":"Prostate Cancer in Young Men Represents a Distinct Clinical Phenotype: Gene Expression Signature to Predict Early Metastases","volume":"5","author":"Ding Y. C.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Translational Genetics and Genomics"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.4694"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)66929-7","article-title":"Prostate Cancer in Men Age 50 Years or Younger: A Review of the Department of Defense Center for Prostate Disease Research Multicenter Prostate Cancer Database","volume":"6","author":"Smith C. V.","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Journal of Urology"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(03)00404-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.30.2075"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12407"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2005.11.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2016.06.080"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_146_1","article-title":"Survival and Oncological Outcomes for Young Men (\u226455 Years) Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy for Localized Prostate Cancer","volume":"1","author":"Zeighami S.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Archivio Italiano di Urologia, Andrologia: Organo Ufficiale [di] Societa Italiana di Ecografia Urologica e Nefrologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.12389","article-title":"Prognostic Impact of Young Age on Stage IV Prostate Cancer Treated With Primary Androgen Deprivation Therapy","volume":"6","author":"Kimura T.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Urology: Official Journal of the Japanese Urological Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2005.01.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14315"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.10.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-023-04287-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-019-02740-8"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_21_154_1","first-page":"92","article-title":"Outcomes of Robotic\u2010Assisted Radical Prostatectomy for Patients in Two Extreme Age\u2010Groups (< 50 Years vs >65 Years)","volume":"91","author":"Coman R. T.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clujul Medical (1957)"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-020-02518-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1677-55382006000100008"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1677-55382005000600004"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21681805.2020.1817143"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)00339-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2017.01.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2490-14-98"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-017-0006-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65173-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9858923"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2019.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1438027"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.901040"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prnil.2017.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-016-1824-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24087"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1993.tb15990.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)49698-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510070082041"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.0228"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015764507609","article-title":"Effect of Young Age on Prostate Cancer Survival: A Population\u2010Based Assessment (United States)","volume":"5","author":"Merrill R. M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Causes & Control: CCC"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-10-201305210-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.24324"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-018-1931-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.04.010"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_21_180_1","first-page":"146","article-title":"The Impact of Socioeconomic Status on the Survival of Men With Early\u2010Onset Prostate Cancer","volume":"11","author":"Riveros C.","year":"2023","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Urology"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1080\/08941939.2022.2062495","article-title":"Establishment of Prognostic Nomograms for Early\u2010Onset Prostate Cancer Patients: A SEER Database Analysis","volume":"7","author":"Li J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Investigative Surgery: The Official Journal of the Academy of Surgical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_182_1","volume-title":"EAU\u2010EANM\u2010ESTRO\u2010ESUR\u2010ISUP\u2010SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer","author":"Cornford P.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.14586"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.32332"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2019.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-021-00479-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.29760"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2018.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_189_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.68.0058"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2021.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.31015"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2010.12.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-014-1182-x","article-title":"ERG Expression Is Associated With Increased Risk of Biochemical Relapse Following Radical Prostatectomy in Early Onset Prostate Cancer","volume":"11","author":"Huang K. C.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinical & Translational Oncology: Official Publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_194_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.pcan.4500980"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_195_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-13-1049"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_196_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-13-1180","article-title":"Recurrent Prostate Cancer Genomic Alterations Predict Response to Brachytherapy Treatment","volume":"4","author":"Fontugne J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention: A Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2018.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_198_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.22973"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_199_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12542"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_200_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24469"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_201_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2011.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_202_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2009.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_203_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-1961"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_204_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2025.102345"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_205_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2024.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_206_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.02.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_207_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.32238"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_208_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.17250"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_209_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI194949"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_210_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI192368"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_211_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-18-1386"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_212_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2024.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_213_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810696"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_214_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1515131"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_215_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2586"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_216_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810084"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_217_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60525-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_218_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70146-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_219_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000002696"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_220_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.0154"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_221_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_222_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.14580"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_223_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30474"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_224_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2012.05.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_225_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/EVIDoa2200031"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_226_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-022-00638-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_227_1","volume-title":"American Cancer Society Recommendations for Prostate Cancer Early Detection","author":"American Cancer Society (ACS)","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_228_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000003491"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_229_1","unstructured":"NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology\u2010Prostate Cancer Early Detection (Version 2.2025) https:\/\/www.nccn.org\/guidelines\/guidelines\u2010detail?category=2&id=1460."},{"key":"e_1_2_21_230_1","unstructured":"P.Cornford D.Tilki R. C. N.van denBergh et\u00a0al.EAU\u2010EANM\u2010ESTRO\u2010ESUR\u2010ISUP\u2010SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer.2026 https:\/\/uroweb.org\/guidelines\/prostate\u2010cancer."},{"key":"e_1_2_21_231_1","first-page":"E1","article-title":"White Paper on Prostate Cancer Screening in Chinese","volume":"46","author":"Zhang X.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Urology"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_232_1","volume-title":"PRAISE\u2010U. Smart Early Detection of Prostate Cancer","author":"European Association of Urology (EAU)","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_233_1","first-page":"1901","article-title":"Screening for Prostate Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement","volume":"18","author":"Grossman D. C.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_234_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-022-00680-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_235_1","article-title":"Influence of Blood Prostate Specific Antigen Levels at Age 60 on Benefits and Harms of Prostate Cancer Screening: Population Based Cohort Study","volume":"348","author":"Carlsson S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bmj (Clinical Research edition)"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_236_1","article-title":"Strategy for Detection of Prostate Cancer Based on Relation Between Prostate Specific Antigen at Age 40\u201355 and Long Term Risk of Metastasis: Case\u2010Control Study","volume":"346","author":"Vickers A. J.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bmj (Clinical Research edition)"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_237_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.19284"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_238_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_239_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12368"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_240_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2011.06.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_241_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2024.06.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_242_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.pcan.4500232"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_243_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.1998.00723.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_244_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.22062"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_245_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1801993"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_246_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30569-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_247_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.11.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_248_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.7589"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_249_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.03.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_250_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000000388"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_251_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2024.0734"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_252_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06166-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_253_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000463885"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_254_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)37393-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_255_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.pcan.4500509"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_256_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000074747.72993.cb"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_257_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2007.01.087"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_258_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24078"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_259_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2012-0410"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_260_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2013.169"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_261_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.12.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_262_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2015.01.091"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_263_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12718"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_264_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-018-0052-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_265_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.24.1968"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_266_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-10-1003","article-title":"A Panel of Kallikrein Marker Predicts Prostate Cancer in a Large, Population\u2010Based Cohort Followed for 15 Years Without Screening","volume":"2","author":"Vickers A. J.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention: A Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_267_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_268_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djv095"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_269_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2024.04.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_270_1","first-page":"149","article-title":"Clinical Performance of the 4Kscore Test to Predict High\u2010Grade Prostate Cancer at Biopsy: A Meta\u2010Analysis of Us and European Clinical Validation Study Results","volume":"3","author":"Zappala S. M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reviews in Urology"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_271_1","first-page":"231","article-title":"The 4Kscore\u00ae Test Reduces Prostate Biopsy Rates in Community and Academic Urology Practices","volume":"4","author":"Konety B.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reviews in Urology"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_272_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000001007"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_273_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-24-1877","article-title":"Evaluation of the 4Kscore Test in Relation to Subsequent Risk of Aggressive Prostate Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition","volume":"11","author":"Smith\u2010Byrne K.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention: A Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_274_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_275_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.0097"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_276_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_277_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-020-0237-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_278_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-023-00675-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_279_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2015.04.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_280_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000001430"},{"key":"e_1_2_21_281_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2024.0455"}],"container-title":["MedComm"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mco2.70858","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mco2.70858","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mco2.70858","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T06:52:34Z","timestamp":1787122354000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mco2.70858"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"references-count":280,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mco2.70858"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mco2.70858","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2688-2663","2688-2663"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2688-2663","type":"print"},{"value":"2688-2663","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"article-number":"e70858"}}