{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T07:25:34Z","timestamp":1787124334278,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":293,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784937600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MedComm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Tuberculosis remains one of the leading causes of death from a single infectious pathogen worldwide, despite the availability of antituberculosis chemotherapy and Bacillus Calmette\u2010Gu\u00e9rin vaccination. Tuberculosis pathogenesis is driven by a dynamic and prolonged interplay between host protective immunity and the immune evasion strategies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (\n                    <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). During infection, bidirectional host\u2013\n                    <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    interactions, together with immunometabolic and epigenetic reprogramming, shape granuloma formation and organization, fibrotic encapsulation, liquefactive necrosis, and ultimately determine disease progression and transmission. However, a systematic framework linking host protective immunity,\n                    <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    immune evasion, and granuloma evolution across distinct stages of infection remains incomplete. In this review, we summarize the host\u2013\n                    <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    interactions that shape early innate immune recruitment, adaptive immune activation, granuloma formation and remodeling, persistent infection, granuloma breakdown, and progression to active tuberculosis. We further integrate emerging concepts of metabolic reprogramming, epigenetic reprogramming, trained immunity, tissue\u2010resident immunity, and myeloid\u2010derived immunosuppressive networks. Finally, we discuss how these mechanistic insights may inform the design of next\u2010generation tuberculosis vaccines and adjunctive therapies. This review establishes a comprehensive conceptual framework for understanding tuberculosis immunopathogenesis and provides guidance for the development of antituberculosis vaccines and therapeutic strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T07:28:30Z","timestamp":1784964510000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis: Interplay Between Host Antituberculosis Immunity and Immune Evasion Strategies of\n                    <i>Mycobacterium Tuberculosis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Xiaojuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Blood\u2010stasis\u2010toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province School of Basic Medical Science Zhejiang Chinese Medical University  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Blood\u2010stasis\u2010toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province School of Basic Medical Science Zhejiang Chinese Medical University  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yilin","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Blood\u2010stasis\u2010toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province School of Basic Medical Science Zhejiang Chinese Medical University  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5367-3813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongxia","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Blood\u2010stasis\u2010toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province School of Basic Medical Science Zhejiang Chinese Medical University  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2025.101265"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54394\/CJQU6666"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011675"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"432","article-title":"Streptomycin in Experimental Tuberculosis; Its Effect on Tuberculous Infections in Mice Produced by M. tuberculosis Var. 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