{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:53:26Z","timestamp":1791928406940,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":260,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MedComm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a pervasive metabolic disorder driven by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic \u03b2\u2010cell failure, with a rapidly growing global prevalence. Its pathogenesis now extends beyond hyperglycemia to encompass intricate immunometabolic dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and organelle stress. However, a cohesive synthesis that integrates these disparate molecular mechanisms with contemporary therapeutic advancements remains missing. This review systematically investigates the immunometabolic axis, highlighting macrophage polarization and exosomes, as well as nanotube\u2010mediated crosstalk with \u03b2\u2010cells, and describes how mitochondrial dynamics disorder and impaired mitophagy become the core driving factors for \u03b2\u2010cell failure. Lipotoxicity mediated by ceramides, diacylglycerols, and cholesterol imbalance is critically analyzed alongside proteotoxicity from islet amyloid polypeptide aggregation. We then chart the therapeutic evolution from glucocentric strategies to modern complication\u2010centric paradigms, emphasizing SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP\u20101 receptor agonists that confer proven cardio\u2010renal protection. Personalized treatment, multiomics integration, next\u2010generation precision therapies, and holistic art\u2010based interventions that promote sustainable lifestyle changes are further discussed. By connecting molecular insights to clinical application, this review provides a comprehensive resource for researchers and clinicians, aiming to advance T2D management and improve global patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T08:44:51Z","timestamp":1785746691000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Molecular Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Interventions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Shinuan","family":"Fei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Department Huangshi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated Huangshi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University Huangshi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention  Huangshi Hubei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiyue","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology  Nanjing Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Design Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan Hubei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Lighting Interactive Service and Technology Ministry of Culture and Tourism (MoCT Key Laboratory of Lighting Interactive Service&amp;Tech) Hubei Engineering Research Center for Tech of Digital Lighting School of Design Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan Hubei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence W. 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