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Clinical evidence demonstrates that local RT can induce regression of distant, nonirradiated metastases, including cases of complete remission. However, the effect remains unpredictable, with marked variation in clinical outcomes ranging from complete regression to paradoxical progression. The mechanistic basis for this heterogeneity and optimal strategies to enhance abscopal effects remain incompletely understood. This review synthesizes current evidence into a mechanistic framework organized around a three\u2010stage immune cascade: ignition, orchestration, and execution. We examine how tumor\u2010intrinsic factors, RT parameters, and biomarkers shape this cascade. We then appraise the clinical trial landscape and discuss how these mechanistic insights may inform patient selection, treatment timing, and radioimmunotherapy combination strategies. 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