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In humans, its absorption, tissue distribution, and long\u2010term retention are mainly mediated by the organic cation transporter OCTN1, which may help explain its accumulation in metabolically active and stress\u2010prone tissues. Increasing experimental and clinical evidence links EGT to neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, metabolic, inflammatory, and age\u2010related disorders, although its therapeutic value still requires confirmation in larger and longer\u2010term clinical studies. This review summarizes the physiological functions of EGT, its OCTN1\u2010dependent transport and tissue distribution, and the molecular mechanisms by which it may modulate oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial function, and cellular senescence. Particular attention is given to the dual role of the OCTN1\/EGT axis in aging and tumor biology. In addition, we briefly discuss current biosynthetic and biomanufacturing strategies as practical tools for obtaining high\u2010purity EGT for mechanistic, preclinical, and translational studies. 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