{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T07:08:39Z","timestamp":1790060919331,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788048000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MedComm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) decreases angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activities by inhibiting farnesoid X receptor (FXR). To investigate the role of UDCA in decreasing SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection and affecting COVID\u201019 cytokine levels, COVID\u201019 patients (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 142, male = 72, female = 70) were divided into UDCA\u2010free (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 53) and UDCA (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 89) groups and treated with nirmatasvir\/ritonavir or molnupiravir for 5\u00a0days. Patients in the UDCA group were additionally administered UDCA for 10\u00a0days. On Day 0 (before treatment), 3, 6, and 9 (after anti\u2010viral drug and\/or UDCA treatment), levels of ACE2 in serum and plasma or ACE2 mRNA in blood cells in the UDCA groups were significantly lower than those in the UDCA\u2010free group. In Calu\u20103 cells, UDCA reduced ACE2 protein and mRNA, and blocked the COVID\u201019 spike (XBB.1.5) pseudovirus infection. Serum cytokines have been detected in COVID\u201019 patients with or without taking UDCA. Among the 46 cytokines analyzed, luminex profiling revealed that 21 proinflammatory cytokines, including CTACK, bFGF, G\u2010CSF, GM\u2010CSF, GRO\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20101Ra, IL\u20102, IL\u20102R\u03b1, IL\u20106, IL\u201010, IL\u201016, IP\u201010, MCP\u20101, MCP\u20103, MIG, TNF\u2010\u03b1, TRAIL, VEGF, IL\u20109, and IL\u201018, were significantly lower with UDCA treatment (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.01), whereas only eotaxin levels increased (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05). Therefore, UDCA reduces ACE2 activity, improves clinical outcomes, and suppresses cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) in COVID\u201019 patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70961","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T06:42:56Z","timestamp":1788158576000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ursodeoxycholic Acid Reduces Angiotensin\u2010Converting Enzyme 2 Activity and Suppresses Cytokine Storm Syndrome in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Zhaowei","family":"Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Huzhou Central Hospital The Affiliated Huzhou Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Huzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Huzhou Central Hospital  Huzhou China"},{"name":"Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine Research and Translation for Infectious Diseases  Huzhou 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