{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T05:45:31Z","timestamp":1792043131811,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":250,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82288102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82288102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8257061581"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8257061581"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82271699"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271699"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JQ26036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JQ26036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7252152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7252152"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7254445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7254445"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MedComm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Organoids are three\u2010dimensional multicellular structures derived from stem cells or primary tissues that recapitulate key structural and functional features of native organs. Advances in stem cell biology, biomaterials, and bioengineering have established organoids as powerful platforms for studying human development and disease mechanisms, drug discovery, precision medicine, and regenerative medicine. However, current organoid models are limited by incomplete maturation, insufficient vascularization, inadequate immune and neural integration, and poor reproducibility, restricting their physiological relevance and clinical translation. Moreover, the rapid expansion of organoid research has created a need for an updated synthesis of the technological advances, biological applications, and remaining challenges. This review provides a comprehensive overview of organoid technology, covering strategies for organoid generation, including cell sources, three\u2010dimensional culture systems, extracellular matrix support, and microenvironment engineering, followed by representative applications of brain, retinal, kidney, cardiac, lung, liver, intestinal, and endometrial organoids. We further discuss current technical bottlenecks and highlight emerging solutions, including organ\u2010on\u2010chip platforms, multiorgan integration, multiomics, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)\u2010based engineering, artificial intelligence, standardized biobanks, and clinical translation. By integrating recent advances across diverse organoid systems, this review provides a framework for developing more physiologically relevant and clinically translatable organoid models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T12:46:19Z","timestamp":1790772379000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Organoids: Current Applications and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Yueqi","family":"Leng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University) Ministry of Education  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology  Beijing China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital)  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University) Ministry of Education  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology  Beijing China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital)  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Canhui","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan Hubei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University) Ministry of Education  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology  Beijing China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital)  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weisi","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Center of Industrial Culture Collection China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingtong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing Hospital\/National Center of Gerontology  Beijing China"},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingmei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University) Ministry of Education  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology  Beijing China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital)  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhonghong","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University) Ministry of Education  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology  Beijing China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital)  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University) Ministry of Education  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology  Beijing China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital)  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shangqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University) Ministry of Education  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology  Beijing China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital)  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yilei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University) Ministry of Education  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology  Beijing China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital)  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University) Ministry of Education  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology  Beijing China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital)  Beijing China"},{"name":"Clinical Stem Cell Research Center Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heng","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University) Ministry of Education  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology  Beijing China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital)  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8183-7747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ping","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University) Ministry of Education  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology  Beijing China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital)  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University) Ministry of Education  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology  Beijing China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital)  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.735"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202007949"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2023.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202207752"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202500301"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2022.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123611"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2024.115238"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00120.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/292154a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5391.1145"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.07.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-16-1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07935"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adbi.202300103"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2009.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2011.429"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.07.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12271"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12517"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15695"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.05098"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.03.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01194-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.4127"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.90492"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-026-00743-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70575"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/lifemedi\/lnad007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.10.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20168"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1247125"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.05.082"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.118570"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crmeth.2024.100779"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0325-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2005.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-022-00013-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2017.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adg4055"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1449955"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13211811"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaf113"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-20-0428"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2025.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.049379"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.96027"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adbi.201700165"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-018-0662-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2025.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.123298"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-023-01136-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-021-00904-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.4c03683"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2018.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-025-04264-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4438"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-022-00973-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2018.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00036.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2005.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087057117696795"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-018-0104-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1188302"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202202766"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2016.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2025.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1176009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2025.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25032"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2023.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14141074"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2025.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2023.114842"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-01747-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2023.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2020.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2025.101593"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17460441.2019.1551873"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12103051"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2014.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101376"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ady6410"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202400306"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2022.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9715"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2023.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_91_1","article-title":"Kidney Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Enhanced the Vascularization and Maturation of Human Kidney Organoids","volume":"9","author":"Kim J. W.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Advanced SAmerican Chemical Societycience"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2024.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-020-00853-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-025-02598-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.67661"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202417327"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43999-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c13262"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-019-0331-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2023.100818"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0077-2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2021.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2022.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2020.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2901-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-023-00827-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2023.115271"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-025-01099-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-01680-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2024.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00776-1","article-title":"Human Hepatocyte Organoids Model Early NAFLD","volume":"20","author":"Hindson J.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-101921-042929"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2021.188586"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2023.102362"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01470-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-019-0397-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2025.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaa257"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07135-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00031.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2025.102341"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.90538"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1915389116"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1158515"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.148478"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1247125"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3516"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-019-0360-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.69603"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adi4819"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deab186"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-024-01263-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57173-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmz018"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abb7800"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmad016"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmac026"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-011723-021442"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.55241"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-022-00725-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmae013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-070750"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1810764"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnad020"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_148_1","article-title":"Single\u2010cell Transcriptomic Atlas of Different Endometriosis Indicating That an Interaction Between Endometriosis\u2010associated Mesothelial Cells (EAMCs) and Ectopic Stromal Cells May Influence Progesterone Resistance","volume":"15","author":"Hou S.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clinical and Translational MThe Journal of the American Medical Associationedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-022-00961-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1614814"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.2975"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00389-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0245-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00972-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.08.1398"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202201868RR"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-025-05807-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2023.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_160_1","article-title":"Fertility\u2010sparing Treatment for atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia and Endometrial Cancer","volume":"7","author":"Fernandez\u2010Montoli M. E.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004989"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000005297"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052531"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13295"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2023.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-016-0960-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmaa051"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202403038"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2024-080978","article-title":"Advances in the Management of Endometrial Cancer","volume":"388","author":"Corr B. R.","year":"2025","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djx214"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2022.7096"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_172_1","first-page":"265","article-title":"Isolation of Human Endometrial Stromal Cells for in Vitro Decidualization","volume":"139","author":"Michalski S. A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of visualized experiments"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2024.104533"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.00628"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2019.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25115893"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2017.7066"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19082348"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.23.01918"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2024.102790"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-024-07013-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IGC.0000000000001061"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2019.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_184_1","first-page":"635","article-title":"Evaluation of Anticancer Agents Using Patient\u2010derived Tumor Organoids Characteristically Similar to Source Tissues","volume":"40","author":"Tamura H.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncology Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-10-38"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-021-00019-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13122901"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41417-020-0190-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_189_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_191_1","unstructured":"\u201cAdenomyosis \u201d American Family Physician105(2022):Online."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmz049"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2020.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_194_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.26436"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_195_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14111402"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_196_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-22-0224"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_198_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.01.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_199_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_200_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioae032"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_201_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_202_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_203_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14010032"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_204_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa307"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_205_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2023.102432"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_206_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.08.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_207_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2024.07.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_208_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_209_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-025-01483-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_210_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmae024"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_211_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-025-01040-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_212_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104238"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_213_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmab017"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_214_1","first-page":"376","article-title":"Estrogen Degrades Scribble in Endometrial Epithelial Cells Through E3 Ubiquitin Ligase HECW1 in the Development of Diffuse Adenomyosis","volume":"102","author":"Jin Z.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biology of Reproduction"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_215_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-023-01957-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_216_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-020-00139-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_217_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12020219"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_218_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17446651.2019.1697675"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_219_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew018"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_220_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-024-01057-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_221_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1514916"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_222_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668-023-00479-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_223_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_224_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2024.2357737"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_225_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2010.217"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_226_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1191759"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_227_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2011-1034"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_228_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_229_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1423-0127-21-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_230_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2025.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_231_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-021-00471-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_232_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2025.09.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_233_1","article-title":"Scaffold\u2010Free Endometrial Organoids Respond to Excess Androgens Associated with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome","volume":"105","author":"Wiwatpanit T.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_234_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2025.103615"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_235_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.05.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_236_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1269382"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_237_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2115912119"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_238_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2025.1668960"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_239_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202007235"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_240_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41656-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_241_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000005309"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_242_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.07.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_243_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey281"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_244_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-021-00738-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_245_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.05.099"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_246_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.730512"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_247_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_248_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deae137"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_249_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.69410"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_250_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3201"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_251_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao2774"}],"container-title":["MedComm"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mco2.70965","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mco2.70965","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mco2.70965","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T04:55:45Z","timestamp":1792040145000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mco2.70965"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"references-count":250,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mco2.70965"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mco2.70965","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2688-2663","2688-2663"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2688-2663","type":"print"},{"value":"2688-2663","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"article-number":"e70965"}}