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In this review, we position PTLD within the broader continuum of TB pathobiology, from initial host\u2013pathogen interactions to chronic structural and functional lung sequelae. We examine current definitions, epidemiology, and clinical burden, and present mechanistic insights into the inflammatory, proteolytic, fibrotic, immunometabolic, and vascular pathways that drive persistent lung damage. We further discuss the heterogeneous clinical phenotypes of PTLD, including airflow obstruction, bronchiectasis, restrictive lung disease, pleural complications, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, and nontuberculous mycobacterial disease, highlighting practical approaches to diagnosis, risk stratification, and management across diverse healthcare settings. We discuss PTLD in children and adolescents, prevention opportunities throughout the TB care cascade, and health\u2010system strategies for integrating post\u2010TB care. Finally, we identify key knowledge gaps in PTLD nosology, biomarkers, therapeutic development, clinical trial design, and implementation science. Recognition of PTLD as a continuation rather than an endpoint of TB is essential for advancing survivorship\u2010focused care and reducing the global burden of chronic respiratory disease after TB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70974","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T08:14:20Z","timestamp":1789460060000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Post\u2010Tuberculosis Lung Disease: Clinicopathologic Insights, Diagnosis, Prevention, and Management"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8688-4617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radha","family":"Gopalaswamy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Madurai Kamaraj University  Madurai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2021-8632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selvakumar","family":"Subbian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey  Newark New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_17_2_1","volume-title":"Global Tuberculosis Report","author":"WHO","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-024-00504-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.02.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pul2.12424"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12030362"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_17_7_1","first-page":"213","article-title":"Basic and Descriptive Spectrum of Tuberculosis in a Large Cohort of Hospitalized Patients","volume":"51","author":"Arghir I. 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