{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T05:46:13Z","timestamp":1792043173563,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003569","name":"Ministry of Food and Drug Safety","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["26202MFDS013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26202MFDS013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MedComm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Bacillus Calmette\u2010Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) remains the only licensed vaccine for tuberculosis (TB), yet its efficacy wanes over time due to insufficient durability of vaccine\u2010induced immunity. However, mechanisms constraining BCG vaccine\u2010induced dendritic cell (DC)\u2010mediated T cell priming are poorly understood. Cholesterol 25\u2010hydroxylase (CH25H) converts cholesterol into 25\u2010hydroxycholesterol (25\u2010HC) that modulates antigen\u2010presenting cell imprinting and innate immune responses. Here, we investigated whether CH25H regulates DC function and vaccine\u2010induced protective immunity against\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Mtb). We found that CH25H deficiency enhanced DC activation, characterized by increased expression of the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, elevated interleukin (IL)\u201012p70 production, and reduced IL\u201010 secretion, resulting in augmented T cell proliferation and robust Th1 cytokine responses. Transcriptomic analyses of CH25H\u2010deficient and 25\u2010HC\u2010treated DCs showed that an SREBP2\u2010associated program may contribute to\n                    <jats:italic>Il12a<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression. BCG vaccination conferred enhanced protection in\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      Ch25h\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    mice, including reduced Mtb burden and pulmonary inflammation. BCG\u2010vaccinated\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      Ch25h\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    mice developed more durable protective immunity and increased frequencies of CD103\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD69\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    tissue\u2010resident memory T cells, along with sustained IL\u20102\u2010producing T cell responses. Collectively, these findings identify CH25H as a negative regulator of DC\u2010mediated Th1 immunity and suggest that targeting CH25H represents a potential host\u2010directed immunomodulatory strategy to enhance the long\u2010term protective immunity of TB vaccination.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T12:53:14Z","timestamp":1790772794000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cholesterol 25\u2010Hydroxylase Deficiency Provides an Optimal and Durable Protective T Helper 1 Immunity via Interleukin\u201012\u2013Interleukin\u20102 Axis in BCG\u2010Vaccinated Mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8770-8732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hagyu","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Institute For Immunology and Immunological Disease, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8036-2017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eunsol","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Institute For Immunology and Immunological Disease, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6259-855X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kee Woong","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Institute For Immunology and Immunological Disease, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine Gyeongsang National University  Jinju South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1794-302X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong\u2010Hee","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Institute For Immunology and Immunological Disease, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5199-621X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyungmin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4306-4177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"WeonSeok","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Institute For Immunology and Immunological Disease, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0854-4582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung Jae","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Institute For Immunology and Immunological Disease, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Global Tuberculosis Report 2025","author":"WHO","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-023-00750-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta17370"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L.Zhuang L.Yang L.Li Z.Ye andW.Gong \u201cMycobacterium Tuberculosis: Immune Response Biomarkers and Therapeutic Intervention \u201dMedComm\u2010(2020)5 no.1(2024):e419.","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.419"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68507-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1211"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-216794"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01686-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1015153108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60177-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11081304"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-020-0174-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201444493"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2020106057"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwv043"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0610318"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01195-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12040570"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1254790"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.09.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13129"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01869-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20232000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1404271111"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0701-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111144"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.109204"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abb6444"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02686"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/854507"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.891878"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13894"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34428-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044266"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10020234"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jleuko\/qiaf123"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-024-00869-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-12-4302"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2004.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007060"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1224026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2019.109930"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(02)02187-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-4581-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2014.2914"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01714-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000552"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30444-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.05127-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201912-2349LE"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M410302200"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425913501915"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.11.100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1813458115"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.7.4955"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0801592"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01262"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161217"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201003-0334OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11290"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-042617-053352"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300248"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006704"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2079"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501083"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12123586"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71198-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00218.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105198"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30914-3"}],"container-title":["MedComm"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mco2.70989","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mco2.70989","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mco2.70989","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T04:58:44Z","timestamp":1792040324000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mco2.70989"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mco2.70989"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mco2.70989","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2688-2663","2688-2663"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2688-2663","type":"print"},{"value":"2688-2663","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"article-number":"e70989"}}