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We prospectively evaluated two complementary breath platforms, an electronic nose (eNose) and gas chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry (GC\u2010MS), in patients with newly detected nodules. The eNose cohort included 89 participants (55 malignant and 34 benign), and the GC\u2010MS cohort included 75 participants (52 malignant and 23 benign). For each platform, three logistic regression models were assessed: clinical\u2010only, biomarker\u2010only, and combined clinical\u00a0+\u00a0biomarker. For eNose, apparent discrimination improved from the clinical\u2010only model (AUC 0.67; misclassification rate [MCR] 40.4%) to the sensor\u2010only model (AUC 0.86; MCR 22.5%), with further improvement in the combined clinical\u00a0+\u00a0sensor model (AUC 0.88; MCR 22.5%). Internal validation showed attenuation, with the combined eNose model achieving a leave\u2010one\u2010out cross\u2010validation (LOOCV) AUC of 0.67. For GC\u2010MS, LASSO logistic regression showed strong apparent discrimination for the VOC\u2010only (AUC 0.97; MCR 4%), although internal validation indicated attenuation of performance (bootstrap\u2010corrected AUC 0.64; LOOCV AUC 0.65). The combined clinical\u00a0+\u00a0VOC model remained comparably high (AUC 0.96; MCR 8%), outperforming the clinical\u2010only benchmark (AUC 0.73; MCR 32%). These findings support complementary, noninvasive breath\u2010based approaches for pulmonary nodule triage and warrant larger multicenter validation studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.71012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T07:35:07Z","timestamp":1790148907000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Complementary Breath Profiling Using eNose and Gas Chromatography\u2010Mass Spectrometry for Noninvasive Triage of Indeterminate Pulmonary Nodules"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Waqar Ahmed","family":"Afridi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory Institute for Biomedicine and Glycomics (IBG) Griffith University  Brisbane Australia"},{"name":"Virtual University of Pakistan  Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunter","family":"Hartel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saliva 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