{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T07:09:07Z","timestamp":1790060947070,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":281,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MedComm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Classic oncological models have largely restricted cancer pathogenesis to autonomous genetic mutations within localized cells. Current research, however, reframes solid tumors as structurally integrated \u201cpseudo\u2010organs\u201d that rely on host neural networks for survival. This review examines the reciprocal signaling networks connecting nervous, immune, and malignant cells within the tumor microenvironment. At the tissue level, we outline how tumors construct de novo neural architecture via axonogenesis, cellular plasticity, and the assembly of functional neuro\u2010neoplastic synapses. Expanding beyond the local niche, we describe the systemic brain\u2013body circuitry. We specifically address how central nervous system pathways respond to tumor\u2010derived cues and how chronic stress signaling disrupts physiological homeostasis. To explain the associated immune evasion, we analyze how sensory neuropeptides, particularly CGRP and, more broadly, Substance P\u2013NK1R signaling, contribute to immune dysfunction, tumor\u2010promoting inflammation, and therapeutic resistance. Finally, we discuss the clinical implications of these pathways. Rather than relying on nonspecific structural denervation, future therapeutic strategies should focus on targeted \u201cneural reprogramming\u201d to uncouple tumors from their neural dependencies and restore antitumor immunity while minimizing neurotoxicity. Ultimately, this review conceptualizes solid tumors as systemically integrated entities, establishing a framework for precision neural reprogramming to overcome immune evasion and therapeutic resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.71025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T09:15:51Z","timestamp":1789118151000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cancer Neuroscience: From Local Neuro\u2013Immune Microenvironments to Systemic Brain\u2013Body Circuitry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Mingxuan","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery Sheng Jing Hospital China Medical University  Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery Sheng Jing Hospital China Medical University  Shenyang China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center For Respiratory Disease, National Center For Respiratory Medicine, Joint International Research Laboratory of Respiratory Health, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Respiratory Medicine, Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou P. 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China"},{"name":"China\u2010Portugal Artificial Intelligence and Public Health Technologies Joint Laboratory, Guangdong\u2010Hong Kong\u2010Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinruo","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery Sheng Jing Hospital China Medical University  Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center For Respiratory Disease, National Center For Respiratory Medicine, Joint International Research Laboratory of Respiratory Health, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Respiratory Medicine, Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou P. 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