{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T05:45:39Z","timestamp":1792043139983,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":183,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MedComm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Neuropathic pain is caused by injury or disease of the somatosensory system. It involves peripheral nerve injury, central sensitization, transmitter imbalance, glial activation, and large\u2010scale network remodeling. Despite substantial advances in pain biology, clinical assessment continues to rely predominantly on patient\u2010reported symptoms, sensory examination, and conventional neurophysiological testing, approaches that often fail to delineate the predominant biological mechanisms underlying pain in individual patients. Recent advances in sensory phenotyping and multimodal imaging have enabled in vivo characterization of abnormalities at the receptor, neuroinflammatory, and circuit levels, thereby providing a foundation for mechanism\u2010based stratification and more individualized therapeutic decision\u2010making. This review summarizes neuropathic pain from clinical stratification to mechanism\u2010based imaging and therapeutic intervention. We describe key clinical dimensions, including sensory gain, sensory loss, peripheral and central pain generators, mixed nociceptive\u2010neuropathic pain, central sensitization, and autonomic or small\u2010fiber modifiers. These dimensions help explain why patients with the same diagnosis may show different symptoms and treatment responses. We also review major molecular mechanisms, including glutamatergic overactivity, GABAergic and glycinergic disinhibition, monoaminergic remodeling, and neuroimmune modulation. These changes reshape spinal, thalamocortical, limbic, salience, reward, cerebellar, and descending control circuits. Peripheral nerve ultrasound and MR neurography can help identify structural peripheral pain generators. PET, MRS, MRI, DTI, fMRI, EEG, and multimodal imaging can assess receptor availability, neurotransmitter balance, neuroinflammation, white matter integrity, and network connectivity. These imaging tools may link clinical phenotypes with biological mechanisms and help define mechanism\u2010based subtypes. Imaging biomarkers may also support treatment selection, treatment monitoring, neuromodulation targeting, and translational trial design. This framework supports a shift from symptom\u2010based assessment to mechanism\u2010guided precision care for neuropathic pain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.71061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:41:06Z","timestamp":1791877266000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neuropathic Pain: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Interventions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Yaling","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Aptamers Technology, Fuzhou General Teaching Hospital (The 900th Hospital) Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Fuzhou China"},{"name":"The Institution of Rehabilitation Industry Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengquan","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institution of Rehabilitation Industry Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Man","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huixian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine Good Samaritan Hospital  San Jose California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiling","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Nazareth Hospital  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat\u2010sen Cancer Center  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinran","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Boston University  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2078-7084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siyuan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s44158-024-00212-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2009.00588.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13050455"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","first-page":"249","article-title":"Neuropathic Pain and Chronic Pain as an Underestimated Interdisciplinary Problem","volume":"35","author":"Szewczyk A. 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