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Despite accumulating evidence of their regenerative potential, the mechanisms by which CQDs regulate complex tissue regeneration remain insufficiently integrated. In this Review, we synthesize recent advances in the biomedical applications of CQDs, with particular emphasis on material selection for specific disease contexts and their direct and indirect regulatory roles in tissue regeneration. We examine how CQDs modulate cellular functions, angiogenesis, stem cell differentiation, the immune microenvironment, and redox homeostasis through molecular pathways, and how their physicochemical properties shape these biological effects and regenerative outcomes. We further discuss emerging strategies for functional optimization, including multifunctional and stimuli\u2010responsive CQD systems. Finally, we critically assess key translational barriers, including structural characterization, biological evaluation, safety assessment, material standardization, and manufacturing consistency. 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