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In neurological disorders, astrocytes undergo reactive remodeling that encompasses morphological, transcriptional, metabolic, and functional changes. Rather than fitting into a fixed A1\/A2 dichotomy, reactive astrocytes exist along a disease\u2010, region\u2010, and stage\u2010dependent continuum shaped by local pathology and intercellular crosstalk. This review summarizes how astrocytes contribute to neuroinflammatory processes in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, central nervous system injury, infection, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and autism spectrum disorder. We highlight convergent mechanisms, including cytokine and chemokine release, complement activation, glutamate and ion homeostasis disruption, oxidative stress, metabolic reprogramming, and blood\u2010brain barrier regulation, while emphasizing disease\u2010specific astrocytic programs. We further discuss astrocyte interactions with microglia, neurons, oligodendrocytes, endothelial cells, and peripheral immune cells, as well as key regulatory pathways, epigenetic remodeling, and lipid\u2010dependent metabolic signaling. Finally, we evaluate current and emerging astrocyte\u2010targeted therapeutic strategies, including metabolic modulation, receptor targeting, gene editing, nanodelivery, and gut\u2013brain axis interventions. Defining functionally validated astrocyte states and developing biomarker\u2010guided, stage\u2010adaptive therapies may enable more precise intervention in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.71069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T17:00:28Z","timestamp":1792429228000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Role of Astrocytes in the Inflammatory Response in Neurodiseases"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Shijun","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Peking University People's Hospital, Xicheng District  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lepeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Peking University People's Hospital, Xicheng District  Beijing 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