{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T13:34:58Z","timestamp":1762263298962,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,13]],"date-time":"2014-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1413158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disord Clin Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We studied two unrelated families with several members suffering from geniospasm. Here, we aim to clarify the pathophysiology underlying the hereditary geniospasm through testing of brainstem excitability by the recovery cycles of the blink reflex (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) and the masseteric inhibitory reflex (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ). The R2 component of the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    2 component of the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and their recovery cycle were analyzed in 3 patients and 8 healthy, age\u2010matched subjects as the control group. Patients with geniospasm exhibited a different excitability of the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BR,<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    compared to the control, group, as shown by the larger R2 component area of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    in controls than patients. Notably, the mean recovery index was 0.61\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.19 in geniospasm patients and 0.40\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.15 in controls (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05). Interestingly, the recovery cycle of the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    showed a loss of inhibition in both patients studied, as indicated by the behavior of the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    2 component. Our cases showed a partial impairment of the activity of brainstem inhibitory interneurons, indicated by the abnormal recovery cycle of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . These results would implicate a mechanism akin to brainstem myoclonus for the generation of geniospasm.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,13]],"date-time":"2014-10-13T04:08:07Z","timestamp":1413173287000},"page":"49-52","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Abnormalities of Masseteric Inhibitory Reflex in Hereditary Geniospasm: Evidence for a Brainstem Myoclonus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Antonella","family":"Macerollo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders UCL Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences Neuroscience and Sense Organs Aldo Moro University of Bari Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tabish A.","family":"Saifee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders UCL Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Kassavetis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders UCL Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Pilurzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders UCL Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanne A.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Kiel Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders UCL Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kailash P.","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders UCL Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870080314"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/514883"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10275"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22454"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/108.3.593"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870080414"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31820c3074"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.63.6.804"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-006-0607-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21722"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmdc3.12097","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmdc3.12097","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mdc3.12097","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T13:30:51Z","timestamp":1762263051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mdc3.12097"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,13]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mdc3.12097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mdc3.12097","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2330-1619","2330-1619"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2330-1619"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2330-1619"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-05-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-09-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-10-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}