{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T13:00:39Z","timestamp":1788872439225,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,6]],"date-time":"2015-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1428278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NS 065701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NS 065701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Office of Rare Diseases Research"},{"name":"DMRF"},{"name":"Allergan Inc"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disord Clin Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We present the methodology utilized for development and clinimetric testing of the Comprehensive Cervical Dystonia (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) Rating scale, or\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCDRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . The\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCDRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    includes a revision of the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TWSTRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u20102), a newly developed psychiatric screening tool (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TWSTRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSYCH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ), and the previously validated Cervical Dystonia Impact Profile (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDIP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u201058). For the revision of the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TWSTRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , the original\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TWSTRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    was examined by a committee of dystonia experts at a dystonia rating scales workshop organized by the Dystonia Medical Research Foundation. During this workshop, deficiencies in the standard\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TWSTRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    were identified and recommendations for revision of the severity and pain subscales were incorporated into the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TWSTRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u20102. Given that no scale currently evaluates the psychiatric features of cervical dystonia (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ), we used a modified Delphi methodology and a reiterative process of item selection to develop the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TWSTRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSYCH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . We also included the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDIP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u201058 to capture the impact of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    on quality of life. The three scales (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TWSTRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    2,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TWSTRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSYCH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDIP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u201058) were combined to construct the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCDRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Clinimetric testing of reliability and validity of the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCDRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    are described. The\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCDRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    was designed to be used in a modular fashion that can measure the full spectrum of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . This scale will provide rigorous assessment for studies of natural history as well as novel symptom\u2010based or disease\u2010modifying therapies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,6]],"date-time":"2015-04-06T12:46:29Z","timestamp":1428324389000},"page":"135-141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Development of the Comprehensive Cervical Dystonia Rating Scale: Methodology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Cynthia L.","family":"Comella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush Medical School Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan H.","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto Western Hospital University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kailash P.","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel S.","family":"Perlmutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyder A.","family":"Jinnah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mateusz","family":"Zurowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto Western Hospital University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William M.","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Marsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine Houston and Michael E. 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