{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T09:18:25Z","timestamp":1793092705345,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,12]],"date-time":"2015-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013733","name":"Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc.","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013733","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disord Clin Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review was performed to elucidate dosing practices, dosing conversions, and related outcomes from randomized, controlled trials that directly compared onabotulinumtoxinA (ONA) and abobotulinumtoxinA (ABO) at various dose conversion ratios for therapeutic use in movement disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review of three medical literature databases (PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE) was performed to identify relevant comparative clinical studies, systematic reviews, and meta\u2010analyses published in the English language between January 1991 and January 2015. Studies that met predefined inclusion criteria were selected for formal data extraction and quality assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 182 manuscripts were identified, of which four were included for analysis. Targeted clinical applications included neurological disorders. The studies compared ONA to ABO dose conversion ratios of 1:2.5 (n = 1), 1:3 (n = 2), and 1:4 (n = 2). One study compared both 1:3 and 1:4 ratios. An ONA:ABO conversion factor of 1:2.5 was associated with similar efficacy and side effects. An ONA:ABO ratio of 1:3 provided similar or higher efficacy, but an increased rate of adverse effects, and an ONA:ABO ratio of 1:4 was associated with higher efficacy, but with an excessive rate of intolerable side effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A dose conversion ratio of ONA to ABO between 1:2.5 and 1:3.0 provides comparable safety and efficacy for therapeutic movement disorders chemodenervation procedures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,12]],"date-time":"2015-10-12T22:30:16Z","timestamp":1444689016000},"page":"109-115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["OnabotulinumtoxinA and AbobotulinumtoxinA Dose Conversion: A Systematic Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Khashayar","family":"Dashtipour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology\/Movement Disorders Loma Linda University School of Medicine Loma Linda California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9671-9137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jack J.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology\/Movement Disorders Loma Linda University School of Medicine Loma Linda California USA"},{"name":"College of Pharmacy Marshall B. Ketchum University Fullerton California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto J.","family":"Espay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology &amp; Rehabilitation Medicine University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoltan","family":"Mari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Ondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The University of Texas Medical School Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200211001-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"Botox (onabotulinumtoxinA) [Prescribing Information]","author":"Allergen","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"Dysport\u00ae for Injection (abobotulinumtoxinA) [Prescribing Information]","author":"Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"Myobloc (rimabotulinumtoxinB) Injection [Prescribing Information]","author":"Solstice Neurosciences","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","volume-title":"Xeomin (incobotulinumtoxinA) [Prescribing Information]","author":"Merz Pharmaceuticals","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1196"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","volume-title":"BOTOX COSMETIC (onabotulinumtoxinA) for Injection, for Intramuscular Use [Prescribing Information]","author":"Allergan Pharmaceuticals","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-011-0719-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(96)00070-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"719","article-title":"Potency equivalence of botulinum toxin preparations","volume":"87","author":"Hambleton P","year":"1994","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2007.01683.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11584780-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11590750-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2710.2007.00835.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0b013e3182711fc0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-011-0672-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25582"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. 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