{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T01:53:21Z","timestamp":1785808401511,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,3]],"date-time":"2016-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000691","name":"Academy of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003142","name":"Fonds NutsOhra","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003142","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disord Clin Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/journal\/10.1002\/(ISSN)2330-1619\/homepage\/mdc312339-sup-v001.htm\">View Supplementary Video 1<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Burke\u2010Fahn\u2010Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale is a universally applied instrument for the quantitative assessment of dystonia in both children and adults. However, immature movements by healthy young children may also show \u201cdystonic characteristics\u201d as a consequence of physiologically incomplete brain maturation. This could implicate that Burke\u2010Fahn\u2010Marsden scale scores are confounded by pediatric age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>In healthy young children, we aimed to determine whether physiologically immature movements and postures can induce an age\u2010related effect on Burke\u2010Fahn\u2010Marsden movement and disability scale scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nine assessors specializied in movement disorders (3 adult neurologists, 3 pediatric neurologists, and 3 MD\/PhD students) independently scored the Burke\u2010Fahn\u2010Marsden movement scale in 52 healthy children (4\u201316 years of age; 2 boys and 2 girls per year of age). Independent of that, parents scored their children's functional motor development according to the Burke\u2010Fahn\u2010Marsden disability scale in another 52 healthy children (4\u201316 years of age; 2 boys and 2 girls per year of age). By regression analysis, we determined the association between Burke\u2010Fahn\u2010Marsden movement and disability scales outcomes and pediatric age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In healthy children, assessment of physiologically immature motor performances by the Burke\u2010Fahn\u2010Marsden movement and disability scales showed an association between the outcomes of both scales and age (until 16 years and 12 years of age, \u03b2 = \u22120.72 and \u03b2 = \u22120.60, for Burke\u2010Fahn\u2010Marsden movement and disability scale, respectively [both <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Burke\u2010Fahn\u2010Marsden movement and disability scales are influenced by the age of the child. For accurate interpretation of longitudinal Burke\u2010Fahn\u2010Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale scores in young dystonic children, consideration of pediatric age\u2010relatedness appears advisory.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,3]],"date-time":"2016-05-03T08:21:07Z","timestamp":1462263667000},"page":"580-586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The Burke\u2010Fahn\u2010Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale is Age\u2010Dependent in Healthy Children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Marieke Johanna","family":"Kuiper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lo\u00efs","family":"Vrijenhoek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rick","family":"Brandsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roelineke J","family":"Lunsing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huibert","family":"Burger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hendriekje","family":"Eggink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn J","family":"Peall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Fiorella","family":"Contarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Haga Teaching Hospital The Hague The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes D","family":"Speelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The 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