{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T11:22:01Z","timestamp":1789644121437,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,18]],"date-time":"2017-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1500336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disord Clin Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/journal\/10.1002\/(ISSN)2330-1619\/homepage\/mdc312516-sup-v001.htm\">View Supplementary Video 1<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/journal\/10.1002\/(ISSN)2330-1619\/homepage\/mdc312516-sup-v002.htm\">View Supplementary Video 2<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Psychogenic movement disorders (PMDs) represent 2% to 20% of patients with movement disorders. There is a paucity of literature on PMD in children, with most existing literature relating to adults only.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>For this detailed report of 58 patients (33 adults and 25 children) with PMD, history was assessed in the form of disease onset, duration, precipitating factors, diagnosis, and outcome. Movement phenotype was classified in terms of its appearance as tremor, dystonia, myoclonus, chorea, and others. Clinical evaluations were done to document variability, distractibility, and entrainment. Surface electromyography studies were obtained in patients with tremor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven adults and 7 children were classified with \u201cdocumented\u201d PMD, and 26 adults and 18 children were classified with \u201cclinically established\u201d PMD. Abrupt onset was common in adults (75.75%) and children (68%). The most common precipitating factors were family and social issues (42.42%) in adults and fear of examination (40%) and school\u2010related issues (24%) in children. Tremor was the most common PMD in both adults and children. The second most common PMD was hemifacial spasm in adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The majority of patients had abrupt onset of symptoms, and tremor was the most common form of movement disorder. The second most common PMDs were hemifacial spasm in adults and dystonia and gait abnormality in children. The most common precipitating factors in adults were related to family and social issues; whereas, in children, examination and school\u2010related issues were most common. Complete improvement was seen in only 405 of patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,7]],"date-time":"2017-06-07T12:37:08Z","timestamp":1496839028000},"page":"763-767","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Psychogenic Movement Disorders in Adults and Children: A Clinical and Video Profile of 58 Indian Patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Pandey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Govind Ballabh Pant Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun","family":"Koul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Govind Ballabh Pant Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research New Delhi 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