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They also share a spectrum of antibodies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We reviewed the literature and our own experience with the aim of providing a practical approach to the treatment of SPSD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Because of the rarity of SPSD, there is little evidence to guide treatment decisions. The treatment of SPSD is based on the triad of symptomatic treatment, immunotherapy, and tumor treatment where appropriate. Moreover, the management involves continuous and appropriate monitoring of the symptoms of the disease, its autoimmune associations, and potential treatment side effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here we delineated a pragmatic treatment approach to SPSD, based on our experience and existing literature. We also highlighted how our understanding of neuronal antibodies and their implications reflects on management considerations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,18]],"date-time":"2018-04-18T12:03:19Z","timestamp":1524052999000},"page":"394-401","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Pragmatic Treatment of Stiff Person Spectrum Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Bettina","family":"Balint","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders UCL Institute of Neurology Queen Square, London UK"},{"name":"Neuroimmunology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford UK"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans\u2010Michael","family":"Meinck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx189"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"421","article-title":"Progressive fluctuating muscular rigidity and spasm (\u201cstiff\u2010man\u201d syndrome); report of a case and some observations in 13 other cases","volume":"31","author":"Moersch FP","year":"1956","journal-title":"Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000351"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000438"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000372"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.0133"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.991"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24189"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01266.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000326"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03220.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.116.183905"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-013-0220-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12539"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.68.4.479"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/S1152851703000395"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000332033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318207b008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000327342.58936.e0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa01167"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10279"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.103721"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000339446"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.1011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.574"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2013-010027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000991"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000219042.60538.92"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.6.902"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn183"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.4.462"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.47.3.280"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000281"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00345955"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-3147.165352"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.60.12.1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","unstructured":"MeinckHM BalintB GanosC HenningsenP KlockgetherT PirkerW Z'GraggenW.S1\u2010Leitlinie Stiff\u2010Man\u2010Syndrom [online]. 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