{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:40:25Z","timestamp":1761007225341,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,3]],"date-time":"2018-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":32,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disord Clin Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The benefits of neurosurgery in Tourette Syndrome (TS) are still incompletely understood. Prefrontal cortical electrical stimulation offers a less invasive alternative to deep brain stimulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To perform a pilot assessment on safety and efficacy of prefrontal cortical bilateral electrical stimulation in TS using clinical and brain metabolic assessments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four adult TS patients underwent tic assessment using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale and the Rush Video Rating Scale at baseline and 1, 3, 6, and 12\u2010months after implant; whereas FDG\u2010PET scans were acquired at baseline and after 6 and 12 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tic clinical scores were improved at 6 months after implant, meanwhile they showed a tendency to re\u2010emerge at the 12\u2010month follow\u2010up. There was a correlation between FDG\u2010PET and tics, mainly consisting in a reduction of baseline brain hypermetabolism, which paralleled tic score reduction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Epidural stimulation in TS is safe and yields a modulation of tics, paralleled by FDG\u2010PET metabolic modulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,5]],"date-time":"2018-10-05T14:54:30Z","timestamp":1538751270000},"page":"499-505","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prefrontal Cortical Stimulation in Tourette Disorder: Proof\u2010of\u2010concept Clinical and Neuroimaging Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Daniela","family":"Perani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University  Milan Italy"},{"name":"In vivo Human Molecular and Structural Neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroscience IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Lalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Catholic University of the Sacred Heart  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Humanitas Research Hospital  Rozzano Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Iaccarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University  Milan Italy"},{"name":"In vivo Human Molecular and Structural Neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroscience IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierpaolo","family":"Alongi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orsola","family":"Gambini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Milan Medical School and San Paolo Hospital  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Franzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Istituto Neurologico \u201cC. 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