{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:33:31Z","timestamp":1791484411938,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disord Clin Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TikTok is a social media platform where users create and share videos. During the COVID\u201019 pandemic, the use of this site greatly expanded. Tic and Tourette syndrome content also increased dramatically along with the number of patients with tics in neurology clinics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We compared the phenomenology of \u201cTikTok tics\u201d to typical tic disorders. We chose to analyze the most widely viewed videos and therefore focused on the most popular content creators.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Videos with the keywords \u201ctic,\u201d \u201cTourette,\u201d or \u201ctourettes\u201d were reviewed to identify content creators between March 11, 2020 and March 30, 2021. We performed a quantitative assessment of TikTok tics as well as a descriptive analysis of the entire series of videos of each content creator.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean age of the cohort was 18.8\u2009years old, and the majority were women. Unlike the predominance of facial movements in typical tics, arm movements were most frequent. Average tics per minute was 29, and almost all recorded TikTok tics were severe, causing significant disability. Whereas coprolalia and self\u2010injurious behavior are only infrequently encountered in typical tic disorders, they were present in the overwhelming majority of TikTok subjects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TikTok tics are distinct from what is typically seen in patients with Tourette syndrome, although share many characteristics with functional tics. We believe this to be an example of mass sociogenic illness, which involves behaviors, emotions, or conditions spreading spontaneously through a group. A modern clinician needs to remain abreast of social media sources as knowledge of media content is essential in managing patients in the current environment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T03:04:13Z","timestamp":1627441453000},"page":"1200-1205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":149,"title":["<scp>TikTok<\/scp>\n                    Tics: A Pandemic Within a Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Caroline","family":"Olvera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Sciences Rush University Medical Center  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenn T.","family":"Stebbins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Sciences Rush University Medical Center  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher G.","family":"Goetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Sciences Rush University Medical Center  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Kompoliti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Sciences Rush University Medical Center  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"TikTok https:\/\/www.tiktok.com. 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Accessed on 30 April 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"Stokel\u2010WalkerC.The complicated truth about Tiktok and Tourette's syndrome.https:\/\/www.wired.co.uk\/article\/tiktok-tourettes. Published March 3 2021. Accessed on 30 April 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"CrostonR.The clout chase of self\u2010diagnosing on TikTok.https:\/\/georgiastatesignal.com\/the-clout-chase-of-self-diagnosing-on-tiktok\/. Published October 6 2020. 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March 7 2012.https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/03\/11\/magazine\/teenage-girls-twitching-le-roy.html. Accessed on 30 April 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","unstructured":"GulleyN.School's end clears up New York students' mystery twitching.Reuters. June 23 2012.https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-students-twitcnew-york-h\/schools-end-clears-up-new-york-students-mystery-twitching-idUSBRE85M0DF20120623. Accessed on 30 April 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_571_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","volume-title":"The Crucible: A Play in Four Acts","author":"Miller A","year":"1953"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.180.4.300"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17155403"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","unstructured":"ConklinA.Sen. Ron Johnson sends letters to Moderna Pfizer CEOs seeking answers about COVID\u201019 vaccines.https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/politics\/ron-johnson-letters-moderna-pfizer-vaccine. Published July 2 2021. Accessed on 30 April 2021."},{"issue":"226","key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","first-page":"274","article-title":"The associations between problematic Facebook use, psychological distress and well\u2010being among adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"15","author":"Gini G","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.08.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","unstructured":"HandleyL.We're binge\u2010eating chips not quinoa\u2019: how influencers have pivoted in generation lockdown.https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2020\/04\/21\/how-influencers-have-adapted-to-the-coronavirus-lockdown.html. 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