{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:32:53Z","timestamp":1790037173381,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]],"date-time":"2021-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disord Clin Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Parkinson's disease (PD) long\u2010term motor outcomes of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN\u2010DBS) are well documented, while comprehensive reports on non\u2010motor outcomes are fewer and less consistent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report motor and non\u2010motor symptoms after 5\u2010years of STN\u2010DBS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed an open 5\u2010year extension study of a randomized trial that compared intraoperative verification versus mapping of STN using microelectrode recordings. Changes from preoperative to 5\u2010years of STN\u2010DBS were evaluated for motor and non\u2010motor symptoms (MDS\u2010UPDRS I\u2010IV), sleep disturbances (PDSS), autonomic symptoms (Scopa\u2010Aut), quality of life (PDQ\u201039) and cognition through a neuropsychological test battery. We evaluated whether any differences between the two randomization groups were still present, and assessed preoperative predictors of physical dependence after 5\u2009years of treatment using logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found lasting improvement of off\u2010medication motor symptoms (total MDS\u2010UPDRS III, bradykinetic\u2010rigid symptoms and tremor), on\u2010medication tremor, motor fluctuations, and sleep disturbances, but reduced performance across all cognitive domains, except verbal memory. Reduction of verbal fluency and executive function was most pronounced the first year and may thus be more directly related to the surgery than worsening in other domains. The group mapped with multiple microelectrode recordings had more improvement of bradykinetic\u2010rigid symptoms and of PDQ\u201039 bodily discomfort sub\u2010score, but also more reduction in word fluency. Older age was the most important factor associated with physical dependence after 5\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>STN\u2010DBS offers good long\u2010term effects, including improved sleep, despite disease progression. STN\u2010DBS surgery may negatively impact verbal fluency and executive function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,19]],"date-time":"2021-09-19T23:41:16Z","timestamp":1632094876000},"page":"48-59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease: 5\u2010Year Extension Study of a Randomized Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Silje","family":"Bjerknes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo  Oslo 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