{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T15:22:03Z","timestamp":1791040923766,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":169,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disord Clin Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Oculomotor assessment is an essential element of the neurological clinical examination and is particularly important when evaluating patients with movements disorders. Most of the brain is involved in oculomotor control, and thus many neurological conditions present with oculomotor abnormalities. Each of the different classes of eye movements and their features can provide important information that can facilitate differential diagnosis. This educational review presents a clinical approach to eye movement abnormalities that are commonly seen in parkinsonism, ataxia, dystonia, myoclonus, tremor, and chorea. In parkinsonism, subtle signs such as prominent square wave jerks, impaired vertical optokinetic nystagmus, and\/or the \u201cround the houses\u201d sign suggest early progressive supranuclear gaze palsy before vertical gaze is restricted. In ataxia, nystagmus is common, but other findings such as oculomotor apraxia, supranuclear gaze palsy, impaired fixation, or saccadic pursuit can contribute to diagnoses such as ataxia with oculomotor apraxia, Niemann\u2010Pick type C, or ataxia telangiectasia. Opsoclonus myoclonus and oculopalatal myoclonus present with characteristic phenomenology and are usually easy to identify. The oculomotor exam is usually unremarkable in isolated dystonia, but oculogyric crisis is a medical emergency and should be recognized and treated in a timely manner. Gaze impersistence in a patient with chorea suggests Huntington's disease, but in a patient with dystonia or tremor, Wilson's disease is more likely. Finally, functional eye movements can reinforce the clinical impression of a functional movement disorder.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T09:45:27Z","timestamp":1643103927000},"page":"284-295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Eye Movement Disorders in Movement Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5377-3889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Kassavetis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Kaski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Vestibular and Behavioural Neurosciences, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences University College London, Institute of Neurology  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Zealand Brain Research Institute  Christchurch New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Otago  Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3180-6811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Hallett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2012.273"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","volume-title":"The Neurology of Eye Movements","author":"Leigh RJ","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780190240974.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2183\/pjab.93.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1311"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","article-title":"Acquired ocular motor apraxia in hypoxic\u2010ischemic encephalopathy","author":"Trobe JD","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuro\u2010ophthalmology Virtual Education Library"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780199969289.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-005-2317-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e32835c5e1d"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","first-page":"268","article-title":"Normal square wave jerks","volume":"20","author":"Herishanu YO","year":"1981","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2004.05.009"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","first-page":"1649","article-title":"Normal square wave jerks in differing age groups","volume":"31","author":"Shallo\u2010Hoffmann J","year":"1990","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.33.10.1268"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/34.4.295"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","unstructured":"BruneT GoldDR.Optokinetic nystagmus. Neuro\u2010Ophthalmology Virtual Education Library.https:\/\/collections.lib.utah.edu\/ark:\/87278\/s6k68htv.2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1993.tb04645.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00235455"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","first-page":"133","article-title":"Senescence of human visual\u2010vestibular interactions. 1. Vestibulo\u2010ocular reflex and adaptive plasticity with aging","volume":"2","author":"Paige GD","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Vestib Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.027367"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22634"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","unstructured":"GoldDK KungNH&Van StavernGAbnormal visually\u2010enhanced VOR in cerebellar ataxia neuropathy vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS). Neuro\u2010ophthalmology Virtual Education Library.https:\/\/collections.lib.utah.edu\/ark:\/87278\/s6s50fth. 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.06158.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2011.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/106.3.571"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1979.00500420070009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2010.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23683"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410350408"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050934"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5131-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28609"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2010.00147"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.11.2070"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410020509"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_38_1","unstructured":"GoldD.Ocular motor signs in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Neuro\u2010ophthalmology Virtual Education Library.https:\/\/collections.lib.utah.edu\/ark:\/87278\/s60p4nv0. 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(71)90409-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410400630"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12037"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000259519.78480.c3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/112.5.1171"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/117.5.1183"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_45_1","volume-title":"Marsden's Book of Movement Disorders","author":"Marsden CD","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr234"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq123"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh484"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2012.09.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2600-10.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.54.7.599"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2010.179630"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20298"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2010.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21999"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_56_1","unstructured":"GoldD.Positional downbeat nystagmus mimicking anterior canal BPPV. Neuro\u2010ophthalmology Virtual Education Library.https:\/\/collections.lib.utah.edu\/ark:\/87278\/s6zp7vx6.2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22559"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12453"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00864"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_60_1","unstructured":"WraySH.Convergence insufficiency. neuro\u2010ophthalmology virtual education library.https:\/\/collections.lib.utah.edu\/ark:\/87278\/s6p29vr1Published 1993. Accessed February 7th2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2020.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-9091(03)00026-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.7400210"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_64_1","volume-title":"Principles and Practice of Movement Disorders","author":"Fahn S","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.28.11.1099"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_14_66_1","first-page":"686","article-title":"Slow target\u2010directed eye movements in ataxia\u2010telangiectasia","volume":"43","author":"Lewis RF","year":"2002","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.170522"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.4373"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp211"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg283"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15127-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000208402.10512.4a"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1001-184"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl260","article-title":"The adult form of Niemann\u2010pick disease type C","volume":"130","author":"Sevin M","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-012-1155-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10545-013-9626-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-013-7159-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-8-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1325.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182563b82"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/816593"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2012.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20220"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/94.2.359"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.12.2341"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)00683-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.55.10.1353"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410390411"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282X20130056"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_90_1","volume-title":"GeneReviews\u00ae [Internet]","author":"Paulson H"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.65.4.530"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.6.899"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410420616"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-003-1020-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_95_1","unstructured":"GoldD.Ocular Motor Signs in SCA 6. Neuro\u2010ophthalmology Virtual Education Library.https:\/\/collections.lib.utah.edu\/ark:\/87278\/s6vx45m7. Published 2017. Accessed February 7th 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_96_1","unstructured":"GoldD.Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 with Gaze\u2010Evoked Nystagmus and Bilateral Vestibular Loss. Neuro\u2010ophthalmology Virtual Education Library.https:\/\/collections.lib.utah.edu\/ark:\/87278\/s60k7jb4. Published 2020. Accessed February 7th 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0b013e3181b1b3f8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0b013e3181b2828e"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1059"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_100_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"l'ataxie dysm\u00e9trique des yeux: Remarques sur l'ataxie des yeux dite myoclonique (opsoclonie, opsochorie)","volume":"35","author":"Orzechowski K","year":"1927","journal-title":"J Psychol Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.25.3.271"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_102_1","unstructured":"TrobeJD.Opsoclonus. Neuro\u2010ophthalmology Virtual Education Library.2021.https:\/\/collections.lib.utah.edu\/ark:\/87278\/s6cw0k1c. Published 2021. Accessed February 7th 2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197602)37:2<846::AID-CNCR2820370233>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2016.1176914"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-008-9650-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2012.1173"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52910-7.00042-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-9138-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410050502"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_110_1","first-page":"545","article-title":"Deux cas de myoclonies synchrones et rythm\u00e9es v\u00e9lo\u2010pharyngo\u2010laryngo\u2010oculodiaphragmatiques. Le probleme anatomique et physio\u2010pathologique de ce syndrom","volume":"2","author":"Guillain G","year":"1931","journal-title":"R\u00e9vue Neurologique"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.24948"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410050111"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00302"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/117.4.775"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01658107.2011.609606"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_116_1","unstructured":"WilliamsL.Oculopalatal myoclonus. Neuro\u2010ophthalmology Virtual Education Library.https:\/\/collections.lib.utah.edu\/ark:\/87278\/s6fz07rz.2011."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318219fa9c"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410400404"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410200605"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.68.1.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_121_1","unstructured":"WraySH.Oculomasticatory Myorhythmia. Neuro\u2010ophthalmology Virtual Education Library.https:\/\/collections.lib.utah.edu\/ark:\/87278\/s6tq8z4m. Published 2007. Accessed February 7th 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870100210"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870030211"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000055"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_14_125_1","first-page":"113","article-title":"Segmental myoclonus in Whipple's disease","volume":"35","author":"Stamboulis E","year":"1995","journal-title":"Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1675487"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410340215"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_128_1","unstructured":"GoldD.Gaze\u2010evoked and centripetal nystagmus in Creutzfeldt\u2010Jakob Disease. Neuro\u2010ophthalmology Virtual Education Library.https:\/\/collections.lib.utah.edu\/ark:\/87278\/s66x3hrw.2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(91)90254-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01658109509044601"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2004.00780.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2014.10.2.162"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0b013e31818e4023"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26008"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1992.01080130070028"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.1.57"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.13224"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)77067-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870110613"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/117.6.1457"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.11.1434"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_143_1","unstructured":"GoldDR ReichS.Oculogyric crisis. Neuro\u2010ophthalmology Virtual Education Library.https:\/\/collections.lib.utah.edu\/ark:\/87278\/s6r53dvc.2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.0133"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2020.577192"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.1.85"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.11.2231"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.3.449"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000183068.42803.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_150_1","unstructured":"GoldD.Gaze\u2010evoked nystagmus & slow saccades due to anti\u2010GAD antibodies in a patient with stiff person syndrome. Neuro\u2010ophthalmology Virtual Education Library.https:\/\/collections.lib.utah.edu\/ark:\/87278\/s6jh8vwp.2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000319725.22925.b4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2015-312379.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-005-1105-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.108415"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.37.2.191"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410250417"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22276"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(96)00169-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.3.427"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(88)90107-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_161_1","volume-title":"The Neurology of Eye Movements","author":"Leigh RJ","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2011-300733"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801772-2.00030-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00226-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1955.00930020758020"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_166_1","unstructured":"GoldDVoluntary ocular flutter. Neuro\u2010ophthalmology Virtual Education Library.https:\/\/collections.lib.utah.edu\/ark:\/87278\/s6t18rxj.2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_167_1","unstructured":"WraySHSpasm of the near reflex. Neuro\u2010ophthalmology Virtual Education Library.https:\/\/collections.lib.utah.edu\/ark:\/87278\/s6351gzw. 1982."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.41.7.617"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1967.00980020351011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.15050104"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mdc3.13413","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mdc3.13413","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mdc3.13413","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T14:16:22Z","timestamp":1760969782000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mdc3.13413"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]]},"references-count":169,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mdc3.13413"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mdc3.13413","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2330-1619","2330-1619"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2330-1619","type":"print"},{"value":"2330-1619","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-10-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-02-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}