{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T11:40:39Z","timestamp":1760960439808,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007259","name":"Stony Brook University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007259","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disord Clin Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To clarify patterns of comorbid atopic disorders in children with tic disorders compared to controls, and to evaluate whether medications commonly used for treatment of tics and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are associated with differing risks of atopy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inflammatory mechanisms are increasingly recognized as playing a role in a range of neuropsychiatric disorders. The association between tic disorders, ADHD, obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder (OCD) and atopic disorders is uncertain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a retrospective cohort study using the global electronic health records database TriNetX. Using odds ratios, we compared the risk of atopy in children with tic disorder (n\u00a0=\u00a04508), ADHD (n\u00a0=\u00a083,569), and\/or OCD (n\u00a0=\u00a01555) to controls (n\u00a0=\u00a0758 290). To analyze the risk of developing atopy with use of different medications commonly prescribed to treat tics and ADHD, we performed a separate analysis including children with tic disorder, ADHD, and\/or OCD who had initiated treatment with one of these medications. Binary logistic regression controlling for age and sex was used to calculate odds ratios.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with tic disorder, ADHD, or OCD were more likely than controls to have comorbid atopy. Children who had taken clonidine, guanfacine, methylphenidate, or dexmethylphenidate were more likely to develop an atopic disorder than controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study suggests a link between atopic disorders and tic disorders, ADHD, and OCD. Although the underlying mechanism for this association remains unclear, medication use may play a role.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]],"date-time":"2022-06-10T09:02:23Z","timestamp":1654851743000},"page":"879-885","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Tic Disorders, Anti\u2010Tic Medications, and Risk of Atopy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Mathew","family":"Hakimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University  Stony Brook New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Skinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University  Stony Brook New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7892-7127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carine W.","family":"Maurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University  Stony Brook New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000752","article-title":"Tics and Tourette syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Singer HS","year":"2019","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.8.1383"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.14165"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e318208f561"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22504"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.04.027"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"492","article-title":"Association of allergy with Tourette's syndrome","volume":"98","author":"Ho CS","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.567407"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-003-3320-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/tx100020p"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.09.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.12.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-019-01174-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12018"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"303","article-title":"Association of Tourette syndrome and obsessive\u2010compulsive disorder with allergic diseases in children and adolescents: a preliminary study","volume":"18","author":"Yuce M","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-320204"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14451"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00399.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2018.10.4.354"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20010123"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881120936501"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30462-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.82.s1.01"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"Allergy and Tourette's syndrome","volume":"55","author":"Finegold I","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Allergy"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)63026-8"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"Mechanism of action of agents used in attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"67","author":"Wilens TE","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeebW MalatyIA MathewsCA.Chapter 8 \u2013 Tourette disorder and other tic disorders. 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