{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T17:10:08Z","timestamp":1793121008964,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disord Clin Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gastrointestinal dysfunction, particularly constipation, is among the most common non\u2010motor manifestations in Parkinson's Disease (PD). We aimed to identify high\u2010resolution anorectal manometry (HR\u2010ARM) abnormalities in patients with PD using the London Classification.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a retrospective review of all PD patients at our institution who underwent HR\u2010ARM and balloon expulsion test (BET) for evaluation of constipation between 2015 and 2021. Using age and sex\u2010specific normal values, HR\u2010ARM recordings were re\u2010analyzed and abnormalities were reported using the London Classification. A combination of Wilcoxon rank sum and Fisher's exact test were used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>36 patients (19 women) with median age 71 (interquartile range [IQR]: 69\u201374) years, were included. Using the London Classification, 7 (19%) patients had anal hypotension, 17 (47%) had anal hypocontractility, and 3 women had combined hypotension and hypocontractility. Anal hypocontractility was significantly more common in women compared to men. Abnormal BET and dyssynergia were noted in 22 (61%) patients, while abnormal BET and poor propulsion were only seen in 2 (5%). Men had significantly more paradoxical anal contraction and higher residual anal pressures during simulated defecation, resulting in more negative recto\u2010anal pressure gradients. Rectal hyposensitivity was seen in nearly one third of PD patients and comparable among men and women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data affirms the high prevalence of anorectal disorders in PD. Using the London Classification, abnormal expulsion and dyssynergia and anal hypocontractility were the most common findings in PD. Whether the high prevalence of anal hypocontractility in females is directly related to PD or other confounding factors will require further research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T09:44:43Z","timestamp":1681983883000},"page":"1074-1081","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Differential Findings on Anorectal Manometry in Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Defecatory Dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1585-9497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendy","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford CA 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