{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T10:01:46Z","timestamp":1766138506299,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001254","name":"Ipsen Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001254","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disord Clin Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The impact of focal dystonia on gait has attracted little attention and remains elusive. Considering the importance of both visual and head control in gait, blepharospasm and cervical dystonia should affect gait. Improvement of cervical\/eyelid control following botulinum toxin (BTX) injections would translate into gait changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess gait differences in people with focal dystonia before and after BTX treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten patients with blepharospasm, 10 patients with cervical dystonia, and 20 healthy age\u2010 and gender\u2010matched controls were included. Gait was assessed before and 1\u2010month after BTX injections using Biodex Gait Trainer\u2122 3. Gait velocity, cadence, step length, step asymmetry, and variability of step length were compared between patients and controls, and between the two time\u2010points using non\u2010parametric statistics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At baseline, compared to controls, cervical dystonia patients showed reduced gait velocity, step length, and cadence. After BTX injections, while gait velocity and step length were significantly increased and step length variability reduced, gait parameters still differed between patients and controls. In blepharospasm patients, baseline gait velocity and step length were significantly smaller than in controls. After BTX injections, these gait parameters were significantly increased and variability decreased, so that patients no longer differed from controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gait differences exist between patients with focal dystonia not directly affecting the lower limbs and healthy controls. These gait abnormalities were improved differently by BTX treatment according to the type of dystonia. These disparities suggest different pathophysiological mechanisms and support the need for changes in rehabilitation routines in cervical dystonia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T10:06:29Z","timestamp":1702029989000},"page":"143-151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Spatiotemporal Gait Differences before and after Botulinum Toxin in People with Focal Dystonia: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Justine","family":"Cuinat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology CHU of Grenoble  Grenoble France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Deb\u00fb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience, INSERM 1216  Grenoble 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