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Through neural connections along the gut\u2010brain axis, pathological \u03b1\u2010synuclein may spread to the brain, producing clinically manifest disease. Recently, two mechanisms involving the gut\u2010brain axis have attracted increasing attention for their role in PD pathogenesis and progression, namely the perturbation of the composition of the microorganisms living in the gut (the gut microbiome), and the dysfunction of enteroendocrine cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Treatments targeting the gut\u2010brain axis, especially the gut microbiome and the enteroendocrine cells pathway, could potentially slow disease progression or even prevent disease onset. Among these, pre\/probiotics, faecal microbiota transplantation, and glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists, have entered advanced stages of clinical trials in humans and shown potential symptomatic and disease\u2010modifying effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.70029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T09:54:57Z","timestamp":1741859697000},"page":"904-916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["The Gut\u2010Brain Axis in Parkinson disease: Emerging Concepts and Therapeutic Implications"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3565-7910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Menozzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology  London UK"},{"name":"Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network  Chevy Chase Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony H.V.","family":"Schapira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology  London UK"},{"name":"Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network  Chevy Chase Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Borghammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","article-title":"The gut\u2010brain axis: historical reflections","volume":"29","author":"Miller 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