{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:45:48Z","timestamp":1789577148011,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006309","name":"American Parkinson Disease Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006309","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23 NS121630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 NS121630"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 NS041509"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS041509"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disord Clin Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting the subthalamic nucleus (STN) can effectively treat motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, optimal patient selection remains challenging due to the inadequacy of outcome predictors. Most clinicians rely on levodopa response to predict DBS motor outcomes, yet previous studies have identified other MRI\u2010based predictors including resting\u2010state functional connectivity (FC) and volumetric measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the predictive value of functional and volumetric MRI data with levodopa response alone for motor outcomes in STN DBS for PD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed 65 participants who underwent STN DBS for PD at Washington University in St. Louis. We used relaxed LASSO regression to select factors including clinical, volumetric, and FC measures to generate predictive models for relative changes in motor scores post\u2010DBS and assessed cross\u2010validated performance. We then compared the relative influence of the predictive factors with standardized regression coefficients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Addition of MRI predictors (FC and volumetric) improved model fit and cross\u2010validated model performance over levodopa response alone (levodopa alone: <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.191, RMSE 13.6; MRI\u2009+\u2009levodopa: <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.31, RMSE 12.6). Within the optimized model, aggregated FC and levodopa response exhibited the highest influence on motor outcome prediction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Including MRI\u2010based predictors significantly enhances the prediction of motor outcomes in STN DBS compared to levodopa response alone, with FC predictors demonstrating the greatest influence in the optimized model. External validation studies are necessary to confirm the clinical utility of these predictors in routine practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.70108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T06:29:48Z","timestamp":1746426588000},"page":"1337-1345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Functional Connectivity and Volumetrics Improve Outcome Prediction for Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4822-9608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John R.","family":"Younce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3835-0976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott A.","family":"Norris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Washington University in St Louis  St Louis MO USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Washington University in St Louis  St Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mwiza","family":"Ushe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Washington University in St Louis  St Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel S.","family":"Perlmutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Washington University in St Louis  St Louis MO USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Washington University in St Louis  St Louis MO USA"},{"name":"Departments of Neuroscience, Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy Washington University in St Louis  St Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29066"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa060281"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2008.929"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907083"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12780"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.6.932"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf050"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000225977"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13825"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23294"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.1272"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opaa049"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)24049-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24374"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.11.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000160401.24880.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2020.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep43571"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2010.00019\/abstract"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws281"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2016.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.10.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23056"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017162929"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20622"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27942"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23311-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.794987"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28376"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2023.103430"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.620750"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta20630"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.112077"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","volume-title":"An Empirical Investigation of Depression Symptoms: Norms, Psychometric Characteristics and Factor Structure of the Beck Depression Inventory\u2010II","author":"Aasen AH","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12921"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2010.05313.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000289725.97211.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2018.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JMI.5.1.015002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhab387"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.119511"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2023.101234"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.116"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116290"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2006.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v072.i06"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10618600.2014.938812"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2022-329192"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1258190"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-171077"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24974"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26674"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25567"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mdc3.70108","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T11:04:50Z","timestamp":1759230290000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mdc3.70108"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mdc3.70108"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mdc3.70108","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2330-1619","2330-1619"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2330-1619","type":"print"},{"value":"2330-1619","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}