{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T15:01:41Z","timestamp":1787670101142,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disord Clin Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Both autonomic dysfunction and low levels of physical activity could contribute to reduced cardiorespiratory fitness in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the interrelationship between these concepts is not well understood.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n Our aim was to gain more insight into autonomic dysfunction and physical activity in relation to cardiorespiratory fitness in PD.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n We included 59 individuals with PD (37% women, mean age 65.1\u2009years; mean disease duration 4.5\u2009years; Hoehn and Yahr stage 1\u20133). All participants completed a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). We examined the association between parameters assessed during a CPET (peak oxygen consumption [VO\n 2peak<\/jats:sub>\n ], maximum heart rate [HR\n max<\/jats:sub>\n ], heart rate recovery at 1 and 3\u2009mins [HR\n rec1<\/jats:sub>\n , HR\n rec3<\/jats:sub>\n ]), autonomic dysfunction (Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's disease\u2010Autonomic dysfunction, SCOPA\u2010AUT), and physical activity in daily life (step counts, measured using a smartphone for a period of 4\u2009weeks). Using multivariable regression, we adjusted for age, sex, and beta blocker use.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Higher SCOPA\u2010AUT was associated with lower HR\n max<\/jats:sub>\n (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009\u22120.72, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009[\u22121.40, \u22120.04],\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.040). Higher step counts were associated with higher HR\n rec3<\/jats:sub>\n (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20093.21, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009[0.56, 5.86],\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.019), and with higher VO\n 2peak<\/jats:sub>\n (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20091.16, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009[0.10, 2.22],\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.032). No statistically significant associations were found between both SCOPA\u2010AUT and step counts with HR\n rec1<\/jats:sub>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Both autonomic dysfunction and physical activity are associated with a reduced cardiorespiratory response to exercise in PD, but affected different CPET parameters. Future studies should determine the responsiveness of these CPET parameters to change, in order to implement such parameters as endpoints in clinical trials.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.70172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T06:24:32Z","timestamp":1749450272000},"page":"1882-1890","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cardiorespiratory Response to Exercise in Parkinson's Disease: Associations with Autonomic Dysfunction and Physical Activity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3498-3155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kars I.","family":"Veldkamp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology Center of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement Disorders Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2818-8909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine","family":"Schootemeijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology Center of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement Disorders Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilde","family":"Joosten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bastiaan R.","family":"Bloem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology Center of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement Disorders Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8241-5087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc J.W.","family":"Evers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology Center of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement Disorders Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nienke M.","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology Center of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement Disorders Nijmegen the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Human Movement Sciences University Medical Center Groningen Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2023-107849"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk5040078"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2018-0638"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2015.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30285-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122996"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.147629"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-013-7037-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NPT.0000000000000169"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.3517"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2022.2094480"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.005009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/erc.11.149"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-023-03355-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20153"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22340"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"Castor 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