{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T14:09:04Z","timestamp":1763474944167,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disord Clin Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n The present study was performed to investigate which antiepileptic drug (AED) has the highest risk of drug\u2010induced parkinsonism (DIP).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n The aim was to evaluate associations between AEDs and DIP reports in the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database, Vigibase.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Individual case safety reports (ICSRs) in patients \u226545\u2009years registered between January 1, 2000 and June 31, 2024 with carbamazepine, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, or sodium valproate as \u201cParkinson\u2010like events\u201d (PLE) were extracted. Disproportionality analyses were performed, with cases being PLE and non\u2010cases all other ICSRs. Results are shown as reporting odds ratios (ROR).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Among 16,174,796 ICSRs, 3339 reported PLE with the four AEDs, mainly in females between 45 and 64\u2009years. The highest ROR value was with valproate sodium (3.09 [2.01\u20133.29]), followed by lamotrigine (2.14 [2.01\u20132.28]), levetiracetam (1.43 [1.32\u20131.55]), and carbamazepine (1.09 [1.01\u20131.17]). DIP risk increased with the number of associated AEDs.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Among AEDs, valproate sodium is associated with the higher risk of PLE and carbamazepine with the lowest.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.70201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T04:53:42Z","timestamp":1751345622000},"page":"1957-1960","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["What Antiepileptics Have the Highest Risk of Parkinsonism? A Disproportionality Analysis in the\n World Health Organisation<\/scp>\n Pharmacovigilance Database"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6341-6001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean\u2010Louis","family":"Montastruc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emeritus Professor of Medical and Clinical Pharmacology Toulouse France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00218-X"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2012.8.1.15"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2013.787065"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2019.12.011"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27876"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2761"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-022-00937-x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.4699"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.therap.2018.08.001"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200730080-00001"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","DOI":"10.1177\/009286150804200501"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2011.04037.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-024-01423-7"},{"unstructured":"MedDRA.Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities MedDRA;https:\/\/www.meddra.org\/.","key":"e_1_2_9_15_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26209"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25157"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200629050-00003"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mdc3.70201","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T14:04:42Z","timestamp":1763474682000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mdc3.70201"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mdc3.70201"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mdc3.70201","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2330-1619","2330-1619"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2330-1619"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2330-1619"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}