{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T18:13:32Z","timestamp":1789582412837,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752710400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disord Clin Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Impulse control disorders (ICD) are common non\u2010motor complications in Parkinson's disease (PD), particularly in patients receiving oral dopamine agonists (DA). Continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion (CSAI) is a device\u2010aided therapy for advanced PD, but its effects on ICD remain underexplored in real\u2010world settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the impact of CSAI initiation on ICD prevalence and severity in a large real\u2010world PD cohort and to compare ICD evolution in CSAI\u2010treated patients versus orally\u2010treated controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed data from the national prospective observational NS\u2010Park cohort, selecting patients with documented ICD status before and after CSAI initiation. Changes in ICD prevalence and severity based on the MDS\u2010UPDRS sub\u2010item 1.6 were assessed using paired statistical tests, with additional sensitivity analyses based on time\u2010restricted sub\u2010cohorts (considering 60\u2010, 24\u2010 and 12\u2010months follow\u2010up). A matched case\u2013control analysis and a propensity score matching were used to compare CSAI\u2010treated patients to orally\u2010treated PD patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      149 patients were included in the analysis. Before CSAI initiation, slight and mild\/severe ICDs were present in 17% and 5% of the patients, respectively. After CSAI starting, ICD prevalence significantly decreased from 22% to 13%, (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003). These improvements were consistent across different time windows, despite an overall increase in DA levodopa\u2010equivalent dose, with no associated mood worsening (up to 24\u2010month follow\u2010up). CSAI was associated with longitudinal ICD reduction, contrasting with the stable or worsening ICD trajectory in orally\u2010treated controls, though trajectories were not statistically different.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The presented findings of our real\u2010life cohort suggest that ICD tend to improve following CSAI initiation in patients with PD, likely due to a reduction of oral DA or the effect of continuous dopaminergic stimulation provided by the pump. While this observation is clinically relevant, it should be interpreted with caution given the study's observational design and the limitations inherent to using MDS\u2010UPDRS sub\u2010items for ICD assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.70240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T08:49:45Z","timestamp":1752742185000},"page":"142-153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Subcutaneous Apomorphine Infusion Initiation Is Associated with Impulse Control Disorder Attenuation in Advanced Parkinson's Disease Patients: Insights from the French\n                    <scp>NS<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Park Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1569-9590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e9ment","family":"Desjardins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Rothschild Foundation Hospital  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1195-3611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo Andr\u00e9 Dias","family":"Bastos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Toulouse Parkinson Expert Centre, Toulouse NeuroToul Center of Excellence in Neurodegeneration (COEN), French NS\u2010Park\/F\u2010CRIN Network University of Toulouse 3, CHU of Toulouse, INSERM  Toulouse France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aymeric","family":"Lanore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology CIC Neurosciences  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7262-2338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Brefel\u2010Courbon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Toulouse Parkinson Expert Centre, Toulouse NeuroToul Center of Excellence in Neurodegeneration (COEN), French NS\u2010Park\/F\u2010CRIN Network University of Toulouse 3, CHU of Toulouse, INSERM  Toulouse France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Benatru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Poitiers University Hospital, INSERM, CHU de Poitiers  Poitiers France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Giordana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d'Azur  Nice France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Doe","family":"de Maindreville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology H\u00f4pital Maison Blanche  Reims France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Castelnovo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital of N\u00eemes  N\u00eemes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Remy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Expert Parkinson, Neurologie, CHU Henri Mondor, AP\u2010HP, Equipe 01\u2010NPI, IMRB INSERM et Facult\u00e9 de Sant\u00e9 Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Est Cr\u00e9teil, Cr\u00e9teil, et Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Defebvre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders Department Lille University, Inserm 1172  Lille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Thiriez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Parkinson Expert Centre Caen University\u2010Hospital  Caen France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Prange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Wertheimer Neurological Hospital, Expert Parkinson Center Universit\u00e9 Claude\u2010Bernard Lyon 1  Bron France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Luc","family":"Houeto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Limoges University Hospital  Limoges Cedex France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra Samier","family":"Foubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut des Maladies Neurod\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratives University Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR5293  Bordeaux France"},{"name":"CHU Bordeaux Service de Neurologie des Maladies Neurod\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratives, IMNc, CRMR AMS, NS\u2010Park\/FCRIN Network  Bordeaux France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6179-4500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabienne","family":"Ory\u2010Magne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Toulouse Parkinson Expert Centre, Toulouse NeuroToul Center of Excellence in Neurodegeneration (COEN), French NS\u2010Park\/F\u2010CRIN Network University of Toulouse 3, CHU of Toulouse, INSERM  Toulouse France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel Pinhero","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Toulouse Parkinson Expert Centre, Toulouse NeuroToul Center of Excellence in Neurodegeneration (COEN), French NS\u2010Park\/F\u2010CRIN Network University of Toulouse 3, CHU of Toulouse, INSERM  Toulouse France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Bertille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique, \u00e9quipe PEPITES, AP\u2010HP, H\u00f4pital Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, D\u00e9partement de Sant\u00e9 Publique Sorbonne Universit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7325-0199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean\u2010Christophe","family":"Corvol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Inserm, CNRS Sorbonne Universit\u00e9  Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, CIC Neurosciences, H\u00f4pital Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1410-6397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Rascol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Toulouse Parkinson Expert Centre, Toulouse NeuroToul Center of Excellence in Neurodegeneration (COEN), French NS\u2010Park\/F\u2010CRIN Network University of Toulouse 3, CHU of Toulouse, INSERM  Toulouse France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7250-592X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margherita","family":"Fabbri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Toulouse Parkinson Expert Centre, Toulouse NeuroToul Center of Excellence in Neurodegeneration (COEN), French NS\u2010Park\/F\u2010CRIN Network University of Toulouse 3, CHU of Toulouse, INSERM  Toulouse France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the NS\u2010Part Cohort study group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30239-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13810"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2021.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-024-02782-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29066"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70225-X"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"S93","article-title":"Dopamine and impulse 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