{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T02:52:28Z","timestamp":1780541548008,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756252800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disord Clin Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dystonic head tremor is a particular manifestation of dystonia, which is difficult to treat. Although deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus has been established as a treatment for different phenotypes of dystonia, its role in dystonic tremor has been debated. Although thalamic targets have been used for treatment of dystonic tremor of the extremities, there is limited experience with dystonic head tremor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Here, we present our experience with thalamic ventral intermediate (Vim) nucleus DBS in a consecutive series of patients providing long\u2010term follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighteen patients with dystonic head tremor as the leading symptom underwent the implantation of quadripolar DBS electrodes into the thalamic Vim. Patients' symptoms were evaluated with the Burke\u2010Fahn\u2010Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale motor (BFMDRS\u2010M) and disability (BFMDRS\u2010D) scores, and a modified Fahn\u2010Tolosa\u2010Marin Tremor Rating Scale (mFTMTRS), preoperatively, at short\u2010term (3\u2009months\u20132\u2009years), and at long\u2010term follow\u2010up (&gt;2\u2009years).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was improvement in both tremor and dystonia rating scales. Tremor scores were reduced from a value of 7.94 preoperatively to 2.0 at short term (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and to 1.71 at long\u2010term follow\u2010up (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). BFMDRS\u2010M scores were reduced from 14.56 to 7.8 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and to 7.0 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and BFMDRS\u2010D scores from 3.88 to 2.65 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and to 2.71 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), respectively, during chronic stimulation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results indicate that Vim DBS is a safe and efficient treatment option for dystonic head tremor with stable long\u2010term results. We suggest Vim DBS as an alternative to pallidal DBS in cases where head tremor is the leading symptom.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.70266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T09:18:47Z","timestamp":1756286327000},"page":"131-141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation for Dystonic Head Tremor: A Long\u2010Term Study of 18 Patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5082-0460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanna M.","family":"Nagel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7683-6918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc E.","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Mannheim, University of Heidelberg  Mannheim Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Katharinenhospital  Stuttgart Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Blahak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Mannheim, University of Heidelberg  Mannheim Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ortenau Klinikum Lahr  Lahr Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Runge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Hannover Medical School  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Schrader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Hannover Medical School  Hannover 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