{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T05:10:41Z","timestamp":1773033041540,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754524800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disord Clin Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n The onset and pattern of progression of swallowing impairment in HD remain poorly understood. The Swallowing Disturbance Questionnaire (SDQ) has proven useful in assessing dysphagia across various neurological conditions, but its use in HD remains largely unexplored.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate swallowing difficulties in HD using the SDQ and Huntington's Disease Integrated Staging System.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n The SDQ was administered to 87 gene positive subjects stratified into HD\u2010ISS Stages 0\/1 (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200927), 2 (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200921), and 3 (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200939). Kruskal\u2010Wallis was used to compare performance among cohorts and partial eta\u2010squared (\n \u03b7<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ) was used to calculate effect sizes. Spearman's rho (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n ) was used to calculate correlations.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Total swallowing disturbance score significantly differed across HD\u2010ISS stages (\n \u03b7p<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u20090.20,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001), with similar trends and strong effect sizes for both oral (\n \u03b7p<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u20090.15,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001) and pharyngeal (\n \u03b7p<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u20090.12,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001) phases. Within cohorts, total swallowing disturbance score was significantly different between Stages 0\/1 and 2 (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.007), Stage 2 and 3 (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.02) and between Stages 0\/1 and 3 (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). Using quartile\u2010based severity cut\u2010points (Mild: 0\u20136, Moderate: 7\u201314, Severe: >14), 92.6% Stage 0\/1 related mild swallowing problems, 7.4% of Stage 0\/1 reporting moderate difficulties. In Stage 2, 28.5% described moderate and over 25% reported severe issues. Among Stage 3 subjects, one\u2010third reported moderate and almost half experienced severe swallowing difficulties.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Swallowing disturbances emerge early and progressively worsen across the HD\u2010ISS staging spectrum, with both oral and pharyngeal phases affected. These findings suggest that early assessment of swallowing function is warranted in HD clinical care.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.70271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T09:52:05Z","timestamp":1754560325000},"page":"2296-2303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dysphagia in Huntington's Disease: An Evaluation of Swallowing Disturbance across the\n HD<\/scp>\n \u2010\n ISS<\/scp>\n Staging Spectrum"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6553-0944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Japleen","family":"Kaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences University of California San Diego San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6438-1844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krisha","family":"Bagga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences University of California San Diego San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul E.","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology San Diego State University San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9790-8610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jody","family":"Corey\u2010Bloom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences University of California San Diego San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60111-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12808"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"Dysphagia","author":"Azer SA","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","volume-title":"Physiology, Swallowing","author":"Panara 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