{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T01:59:43Z","timestamp":1782266383421,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756080000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disord Clin Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Globally the prevalence of Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (IPD) is rising. Increasing recognition is being given to the influence of environmental factors on this rise, although the precise impact of such factors remains poorly understood. We need accurate ways of measuring prevalence to understand regional and global trends.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To use case finding methodology to measure the crude, and age adjusted, prevalence of IPD in a rural area of North West England, and to describe the difference in results with those obtained using electronic record searching alone to understand the accuracy of such methods. To compare prevalence between subgroups to build hypotheses that could guide further research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Local Parkinson's service records from several sources were searched electronically and manually reviewed against validated diagnostic criteria. Figures were age adjusted according to the national denominator population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The age adjusted prevalence of IPD was 201\/100,000 (95% CI 186\u2013217), higher than in any other published UK study using similar case finding methods. Numbers were higher using electronic diagnostic code searching alone, which may over estimate prevalence. No significant difference was seen between rural and urban areas, relative risk 0.92 (95% CI 0.80\u20131.06), although there was a trend to higher prevalence in historically industrial coastal areas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study highlights some of the pitfalls in using large healthcare datasets to measure IPD prevalence. Overall, the prevalence of IPD is high in this predominantly rural area, and exhibits prevalence trends that warrant further investigation in relation to genetic and environmental factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.70303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T17:48:08Z","timestamp":1756144088000},"page":"2304-2310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An Exploration of the High Prevalence of Parkinson's Disease in a Rural Area of North West England"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4939-7880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosanna","family":"Varden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"North Cumbria Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust  Carlisle UK"},{"name":"Newcastle University  Newcastle\u2010upon\u2010Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ailish","family":"O'Callaghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Cumbria Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust  Carlisle UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle University  Newcastle\u2010upon\u2010Tyne UK"},{"name":"Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust  North Tyneside UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(24)00038-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1498756"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.30067"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2024.107015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-022-00284-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"ONS.Rural Population and Migration;2021.https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/statistics\/rural\u2010population\u2010and\u2010migration\/rural\u2010population\u2010and\u2010migration."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26862"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"42","volume-title":"Merlewood Research Station","author":"Natural Environment ResearchCouncil, Pollution in Cumbria","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"HaightonDC.An evidence summary of health inequalities in older populations in coastal and rural areas D.o.P. 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