{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T02:33:47Z","timestamp":1790130827969,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disord Clin Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Parkinson's disease (PD) often involves motor fluctuations and dyskinesia, which are difficult to manage with medication alone. Conventional deep brain stimulation (cDBS) effectively alleviates symptoms but has limitations, including the challenge of balancing therapeutic effects against potential side effects, as well as limited battery life. To address these issues, adaptive DBS (aDBS) systems, which dynamically adjust stimulation parameters based on real\u2010time physiological feedback, have attracted growing interest.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of aDBS in patients with advanced PD over a 1\u2010year period, using the Movement Disorder Society\u2010Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS\u2010UPDRS) and Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire\u201039 (PDQ\u201039).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective, single\u2010arm study involved 19 patients who transitioned from cDBS to aDBS. Baseline assessments were conducted under cDBS, and patients were re\u2010evaluated 1\u2009year after switching to aDBS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixteen patients completed 1\u2009year of aDBS. Significant improvements in motor function, as measured by MDS\u2010UPDRS Part III scores in the medication\u2010off\/stimulation\u2010on condition, were observed. Patients with severe baseline wearing\u2010off showed greater reductions in motor fluctuation (MDS\u2010UPDRS Part IV) scores. Younger patients showed better quality of life (PDQ\u201039) and activity of daily living (MDS\u2010UPDRS Part II) scores, though overall changes were not statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>aDBS shows promise in managing motor symptoms in PD, particularly in patients with pronounced wearing\u2010off and younger patients, by dynamically adjusting stimulation parameters. Although further optimization and long\u2010term studies are necessary, these findings underscore the potential of aDBS to offer personalized treatment options for advanced PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.70311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T10:35:44Z","timestamp":1756463744000},"page":"452-463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation Benefits: Younger Patients with Persistent Wearing\u2010off Symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7152-435X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuto","family":"Emura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine  Suita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2169-135X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoki","family":"Tani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine  Suita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7731-3302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koichi","family":"Hosomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine  Suita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2328-1108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuki","family":"Kimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine  Suita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8630-478X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takahiro","family":"Matsuhashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine  Suita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1754-2063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takahiro","family":"Fujinaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine  Suita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3142-8455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shimpei","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine  Suita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8155-6040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuya","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine  Suita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6537-6322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nobuhiko","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine  Suita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4039-0520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui Ming","family":"Khoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine  Suita 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