{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:52:38Z","timestamp":1786978358644,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disord Clin Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD\u2010CI) negatively affects mobility, independence, and quality of life. Dual\u2010task (DT) gait testing, which captures cognitive\u2013motor interference (CMI), has emerged as a promising, non\u2010invasive method to detect PD\u2010CI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis assessed the sensitivity of DT gait parameters\u2014including stride length, gait speed, cadence, variability, and Timed Up and Go (TUG)\u2014in differentiating PD\u2010CI from cognitively normal PD (PD\u2010NC), and examined subgroup differences between mild cognitive impairment (PD\u2010MCI) and subjective cognitive decline (PD\u2010SCD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for observational studies comparing DT gait in PD\u2010CI versus PD\u2010NC. Random\u2010effects meta\u2010analyses estimated pooled effect sizes (Hedges\u2019\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), with subgroup and meta\u2010regression analyses exploring task\u2010 and disease\u2010related moderators.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      DT stride length showed the largest impairment in PD\u2010CI (\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.994,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), followed by TUG (\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009+0.850,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), gait speed (\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.542,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), cadence (\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.370,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002), and stride variability (\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009+0.590,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Subgroup analyses indicated DT gait speed reliably differentiated PD\u2010MCI from PD\u2010NC (\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.59,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), but not PD\u2010SCI from other groups. Meta\u2010regression showed shorter disease duration (\u22645\u2009years) and lower Hoehn &amp; Yahr stage (&lt;2) predicted larger DT impairments (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), while age and sample size were non\u2010significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DT gait parameters\u2014especially stride length, gait speed, and TUG\u2014are sensitive markers of PD\u2010CI, with greatest utility at the PD\u2010MCI stage. Standardized protocols and longitudinal validation are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.70409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T07:05:56Z","timestamp":1761980756000},"page":"876-888","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Dual\u2010Task Gait Cognitive\u2010Motor Interference as a Marker of Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2563-6876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samwel Sylvester","family":"Msigwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Institute of Geriatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry The University of Dodoma  Dodoma Tanzania"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Mirembe National Mental Health Hospital  Dodoma Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich  Munchen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maiko Charles","family":"Mkwambe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Marealle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Dentistry The University of Dodoma  Dodoma Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Institute of Geriatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4695-4806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian\u2010Yong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Institute of Geriatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01478-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00280-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.02.010"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"The epidemiology of 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