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Each symptom in isolation is associated with cholinergic basal forebrain (BF) atrophy. However, it is unclear whether BF integrity relates to one symptom preferentially or to their co\u2010occurrence, and whether this relationship is specific to the nucleus basalis of Meynert (Ch4 &amp; Ch4p) or extends to other BF nuclei (Ch1\u20102 &amp; Ch3).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To bridge the literature on MCI, VH, and the BF by examining associations between total and subregional BF volumes with VH, MCI, and concurrent symptomology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used clinical and structural MRI data in PD patients (n\u2009=\u2009296), evaluated prior to deep brain stimulation. PD\u2010MCI was identified in 61% of patients, VH in 25%, and symptoms co\u2010occurred in 21% of the sample. We conducted logistic regressions to examine the relationships between BF volumes (total BF, Ch1\u20102, Ch3, Ch4, and Ch4p) with MCI, VH, and their combination, accounting for potential confounders (age, sex, LEDD, dopamine agonist, and anticholinergic medications).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Total BF, Ch1\u20102, and Ch4 volumes are negatively associated with the likelihood of PD\u2010MCI, but not VH when the other symptom type is not considered. When both symptoms are considered, Total BF and Ch4 volumes are negatively related to the co\u2010occurrence of MCI and VH relative to neither symptom.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our data support the \u201ccholinergic phenotype\u201d in that BF atrophy, including Ch4, is associated with concomitant MCI and VH. Ch1\u20102 volume is further associated with MCI, which is interesting given its temporal lobe projections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.70413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T04:16:28Z","timestamp":1761624988000},"page":"914-922","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Basal Forebrain Volume and Concurrent Hallucinations and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6105-9984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina M.","family":"Adamo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto Western Hospital UHN Krembil Brain Institute  Toronto ON Canada"},{"name":"Graduate Department of Psychological Clinical Science University of Toronto  Toronto ON 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