{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T09:26:01Z","timestamp":1786785961439,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013733","name":"Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013733","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disord Clin Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pain is one of the most disabling non\u2010motor symptoms in adult\u2010onset isolated dystonia (AOID). The Pain in Dystonia Scale (PIDS) was developed and validated in cervical dystonia. Its applicability to other focal subtypes remains unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To validate the PIDS in patients with craniofacial and upper limb dystonia, expanding its use beyond cervical dystonia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a two\u2010phase cross\u2010sectional validation study in independent cohorts from Calgary, Canada and Italy. The Calgary pilot cohort (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200920) included participants with craniofacial and\/or upper limb dystonia who completed the PIDS twice for test\u2013retest reliability and a battery of comparator scales. The Italian cohort (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009109) was recruited through the Italian Dystonia Registry and completed the PIDS after cross\u2010cultural adaptation. Internal consistency, test\u2013retest reliability, construct validity, and distribution properties were assessed using established psychometric standards.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pain was highly prevalent (90.0% Calgary; 96.3% Italy), with anatomical distribution varying by dystonia subtype. Internal consistency was high across both cohorts (Cronbach's alpha 0.82\u20130.96), with minimal floor and ceiling effects. Test\u2013retest reliability in the pilot cohort was excellent (ICC\u2009=\u20090.85). Construct validity was supported by strong correlations between PIDS scores and established pain and quality\u2010of\u2010life measures. Functional impact and pain modulators were consistently reported across cohorts, with stress identified as the most frequent aggravating factor and rest and stretching as common relieving factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PIDS demonstrates reliability, validity, and feasibility in craniofacial and upper limb dystonia, supporting its adoption for evaluating dystonia\u2010related pain in clinical and research settings across the main focal subtypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.70560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T08:44:52Z","timestamp":1771404292000},"page":"1933-1939","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Pain in Dystonia Scale (PIDS)\u2014Validation in Craniofacial and Upper Limb Dystonia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2378-6328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Bruno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Calgary  Calgary Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute  Calgary Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9040-4884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vittorio","family":"Velucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience University of Bari Aldo Moro  Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Achen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Calgary  Calgary Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9028-5972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcello Mario","family":"Mascia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit University Hospital of Cagliari  Cagliari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4216-0822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Muroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit University Hospital of Cagliari  Cagliari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4485-2200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Belvisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neurosciences Sapienza University of Rome  Rome Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed Institute  Pozzilli Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Marchet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed Institute  Pozzilli Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Avanzino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine University of Genoa  Genoa Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS San Martino Hospital  Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Di Biasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS San Martino Hospital  Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Erro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d University of Salerno  Salerno Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6075-3899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiano","family":"Sorrentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u201cScuola Medica Salernitana\u201d University of Salerno  Salerno Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0620-7654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucio","family":"Marinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS San Martino Hospital  Genoa Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health University of Genoa  Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavio","family":"Villani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS San Martino Hospital  Genoa 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Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0216-8205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Castagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Don Gnocchi Foundation  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Bono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Botulinum Toxin Therapy, Neurologic Unit Mater Domini University Hospital  Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Cossu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Neurology Service and Stroke Unit, AO Brotzu  Cagliari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8579-3772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo Alberto","family":"Artusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience \u201cRita 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