{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T06:12:19Z","timestamp":1779343939189,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disord Clin Pract"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Neuromelanin (NM)\u2010sensitive MRI of the substantia nigra is a biomarker of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD), which is expected to begin years before motor symptoms emerge, and for which\n                      <jats:italic>LRRK2<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutation asymptomatic carriers (AC) are at higher risk.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To investigate NM\u2010MRI in asymptomatic\n                      <jats:italic>LRRK2<\/jats:italic>\n                      carriers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Asymptomatic first\u2010degree relatives of\n                      <jats:italic>LRRK2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010PD patients were sequentially recruited. An extensive clinical evaluation and a study of NM using a specific T1\u2010weighted MRI sequence, were performed. Targeted genetic testing for\n                      <jats:italic>LRRK2<\/jats:italic>\n                      variants was performed after evaluation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nineteen asymptomatic participants were included, 12\n                      <jats:italic>LRRK2\u2010<\/jats:italic>\n                      G2019S non\u2010carriers (NC) and 7\u2009AC. Demographics and motor scores, assessed using MDS\u2010UPRS\u2010III, did not differ between groups. NM area was smaller in AC when compared to NC (16\u2009mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      [14.9\u201319.1] vs 20.6\u2009mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      [19.3\u201324.0],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.025).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      NM\u2010MRI can be significantly decreased in\n                      <jats:italic>LRRK2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010G2019S AC. This technique may be a promising biomarker of neurodegeneration in pre\u2010diagnostic stages of PD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.70682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T05:42:42Z","timestamp":1779342162000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Substantia Nigra Neuromelanin Magnetic Resonance Imaging in\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>LRRK2<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Asymptomatic Carriers"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5385-0901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Neurology Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Santa Maria  Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina University of Lisbon  Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Programa Doutoral em Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Cl\u00ednica e Servi\u00e7os de Sa\u00fade, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade do Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Imaging Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Santa Maria  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6568-427X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Guerreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Imaging Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Santa Maria  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Neurology Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Santa Maria  Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina University of Lisbon  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Correia Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Hospital Garcia de Orta\u2014Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade Almada\u2010Seixal  Almada Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 M.","family":"Travessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Departamento de Pediatria Hospital de Santa Maria, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Santa Maria  Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Universit\u00e1ria de Gen\u00e9tica e Instituto de Histologia e Biologia do Desenvolvimento, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Neurology Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Santa Maria  Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina University of Lisbon  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anabela","family":"Valadas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Neurology Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Santa Maria  Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina University of Lisbon  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Pita Lobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Neurology Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Santa Maria  Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina University of Lisbon  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Grunho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Hospital Garcia de Orta\u2014Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade Almada\u2010Seixal  Almada Portugal"},{"name":"Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health &amp; Science  Almada Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department Hospital Beatriz \u00c2ngelo  Loures Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rio Miguel","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Neurology Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Santa Maria  Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina University of Lisbon  Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Neurology Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Santa Maria  Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina University of Lisbon  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Hospital de Santo Ant\u00f3nio, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3950-5113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquim J.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Neurology Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Santa Maria  Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina University of Lisbon  Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa  Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"CNS\u2014Campus Neurol\u00f3gico  Torres Vedras Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Reim\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Hospital Garcia de Orta\u2014Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade Almada\u2010Seixal  Almada Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonor","family":"Correia Guedes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Neurology Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Santa Maria  Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina University of Lisbon  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26431","article-title":"MDS research criteria for prodromal Parkinson's disease","volume":"30","author":"Berg D","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"10291","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00218-X","article-title":"Parkinson's disease","volume":"397","author":"Bloem BR","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000254483.19854.ef","article-title":"Evaluation of LRRK2 G2019S penetrance: relevance for genetic counseling in Parkinson disease","volume":"68","author":"Goldwurm S","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001708","article-title":"Age\u2010specific penetrance of LRRK2 G2019S in the Michael J. 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