{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T07:40:12Z","timestamp":1792482012583,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disord Clin Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Levodopa\u2010induced dyskinesia (LID) is a complication of Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment. While the placebo effect is a known component in PD clinical trials, its specific magnitude in the context of LID is not well characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To quantify the magnitude of the placebo response in LID trials and to identify potential moderators of this effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled trials in patients with PD and LID. The primary outcome was the change in dyskinesia severity in the placebo arm, pooled using random\u2010effects model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty one publications, comprising 1329 patients, were included. Data were stratified by reporting methodology: 16 studies provided primary LS mean change data, 11 provided simple change and the remaining studies contributing solely to subgroup analyses. The primary meta\u2010analysis, revealed a statistically significant placebo response of moderate magnitude (pooled SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.48,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), with significant heterogeneity (\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200947.6%). Subgroup analyses showed this corresponded to clinically measurable improvements, including a mean reduction of \u22126.78 points on the UDysRS and an increase of +1.27\u2009h in \u201cGood On Time.\u201d Meta\u2010regression identified that a larger placebo effect was significantly associated with older patient age (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.014), a higher proportion of female participants (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.016), and shorter study duration (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The placebo response in LID is a consistent, clinically relevant phenomenon modulated by patient demographics and trial duration. Quantifying this response is essential for design and accurate interpretation of future trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.70685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T03:26:56Z","timestamp":1779766016000},"page":"2365-2378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Placebo Effect in Levodopa\u2010Induced Dyskinesia: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6642-9895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz Vinicius Silva","family":"Correa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Brazil"},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1809-0732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre Martins","family":"do Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Institute of Chemistry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9321-5710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno Lopes","family":"Santos\u2010Lobato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Neuropatologia Experimental Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1  Bel\u00e9m Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1649-7854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henry Mauricio","family":"Chaparro\u2010Solano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Genome Sciences and Systems Biology Department Cleveland Clinic Research  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1198-0633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio Fernandez","family":"Mata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Genome Sciences and Systems Biology Department Cleveland Clinic Research  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2402-2709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitor","family":"Tumas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Brazil"},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(24)00094-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11233736"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-018-1900-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1090"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.14056"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-020-00889-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2018.1533370"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1358\/dot.2019.55.7.3010575"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27438"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21894"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21897"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","unstructured":"HigginsJ WelchV.Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions; Accessed November 4 2025.https:\/\/www.cochrane.org\/handbook."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.70004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23616"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25751"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-200401000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000110317.52453.6c"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-018-0498-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21226"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25321"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/ni.2018.7737"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2202721"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207454.2013.841685"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00424"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.116869"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-200405000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27131"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.0943"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28970"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2022.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015298"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2013.11.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2005.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25561"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-018-0071-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.30175"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26659"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26569"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26585"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-010-0472-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joim.2024.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12529-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.26424"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1768668"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.729961"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mdc3.70685","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mdc3.70685","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mdc3.70685","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T07:14:49Z","timestamp":1792480489000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mdc3.70685"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mdc3.70685"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mdc3.70685","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2330-1619","2330-1619"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2330-1619","type":"print"},{"value":"2330-1619","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}