{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T06:04:05Z","timestamp":1780553045398,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disord Clin Pract"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a well\u2010recognized respiratory pathogen increasingly associated with diverse neurological manifestations beyond pulmonary disease involvement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate movement disorders and cerebellar syndromes linked to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, focusing on clinical relevance, diagnosis, and management challenges.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review of published case reports and case series was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Individual patient data were extracted for demographic characteristics, clinical features, diagnostic confirmation, cerebrospinal fluid findings, neuroimaging, treatment strategies, outcomes, and proposed pathophysiological mechanisms. The protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO under the identifier PROSPERO 2025 CRD420251243903.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 42 published cases of\n                      <jats:italic>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010associated movement disorders were analyzed. A preceding respiratory illness was documented in 69.0%, and neurological manifestations were mainly parainfectious (54.8%) or post\u2010infectious (28.6%). Cerebellar ataxia\/cerebellitis (38.1%) and opsoclonus\u2013myoclonus\u2013ataxia syndrome (26.2%) were the most frequent phenotypes. Cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis occurred in 54.8%, while neuroimaging was normal in 50.0%; abnormalities predominantly involved the cerebellum or basal ganglia. Antibiotics alone were used in 35.7%, and 45.3% received immunotherapy with or without antibiotics. Complete or near\u2010complete recovery occurred in 83.4%. Three pediatric cohorts confirmed the rarity of these disorders, with cerebellar ataxia as the universal phenotype and predominantly favorable outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Movement disorders associated with or temporally related to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection are uncommon and appear predominantly immune mediated<\/jats:italic>\n                      , with cerebellar ataxia and opsoclonus\u2013myoclonus\u2013ataxia syndrome being the most frequent presentations. Most cases occur in a parainfectious or post\u2010infectious setting and show favorable outcomes with timely antibiotic and immunomodulatory therapy, although residual deficits may persist in a minority.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.70702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T05:26:03Z","timestamp":1780550763000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Movement Disorders and Cerebellar Syndromes Associated with\n                    <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/i>\n                    Infection: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Ravindra Kumar","family":"Garg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Era's Lucknow Medical College &amp; Hospital, Era University  Lucknow India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shweta","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology King George's Medical University  Lucknow India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amita","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences  Rae Bareli India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8285-3936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ritu","family":"Karoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Dr RML Institute of Medical Sciences  Lucknow India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vimal Kumar","family":"Paliwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences  Lucknow India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0786-9107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjay","family":"Singhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine TS Misra Medical College  Lucknow India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-022-03103-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00182-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001910"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/inf.1980.12.issue-3.04"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wco.0000236617.04958.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2005.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.70170"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2021.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lab.2005.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073813510741"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0196-0644(94)70365-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","unstructured":"GargRK PandeyS JainA PaliwalVK SinghalS.Movement Disorders Associated With Mycoplasma pneumoniae: A Systematic Review. 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