{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T06:36:42Z","timestamp":1793860602015,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013116","name":"Merz Pharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013116","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disord Clin Pract"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Task\u2010specific tremors (TST) and position\u2010dependent tremors (PDT) are rare isolated focal tremors that impair fine motor control with few effective treatment options. Although botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is effective in other tremor syndromes, its evidence in these tremor subtypes remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy of serial BoNT injections on motor performance and quality of life in adults with upper limb TST and PDT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>16 patients (12 with TST, 4 with PDT) received a median of 4 cumulative incobotulinumtoxinA (BoNT\u2010A) injections approximately every three months. Outcomes assessed included: Fahn\u2010Tolosa\u2010Marin (FTM) Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor, kinematic scores derived from three\u2010axis accelerometer measurements, and the Quality of Life in Essential Tremor (QUEST) questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      FTM writing tasks improved significantly (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.04), except for line B drawing (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.06). The QUEST physical domain score significantly improved (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). There were non\u2010significant improvements in kinematics scores.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serial BoNT\u2010A injections significantly improved handwriting and patient\u2010reported physical function in TST and PDT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.70732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T02:40:49Z","timestamp":1782960049000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Efficacy of\n                    <scp>IncobotulinumtoxinA<\/scp>\n                    (\n                    <scp>BoNT<\/scp>\n                    \u2010A) Injections in Upper Limb Task\u2010Specific and Position\u2010Dependent Tremors"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5662-251X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth K.","family":"Boyd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa  Ottawa ON Canada"},{"name":"The Ottawa Hospital  Ottawa ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9803-3086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shangge","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5690-2394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Runjie Bill","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2979-1578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Rizek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto ON Canada"},{"name":"Trillium Health Partners Credit Valley Hospital  Mississauga ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"711","volume-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology","author":"Bain PG","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207454.2011.630544"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27121","article-title":"Consensus statement on the classification of tremors. From the task force on tremor of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society","volume":"33","author":"Bhatia KP","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28579"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.AIAN_1264_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2005.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7916\/tohm.v0.640"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305532","article-title":"The treatment of dystonic tremor: a systematic review","volume":"85","author":"Fasano A","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51953","article-title":"Long\u2010term follow\u2010up of task\u2010specific tremor after thalamotomy: a retrospective observational study","volume":"11","author":"Murakami M","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120199"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11010021","article-title":"Central effects of botulinum neurotoxin\u2014evidence from human studies","volume":"11","author":"Weise D","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2017.260","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type a injections as monotherapy for upper limb essential tremor using kinematics","volume":"45","author":"Samotus O","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.240","article-title":"Effective Management of Upper Limb Parkinsonian Tremor by IncobotulinumtoxinA injections using sensor\u2010based biomechanical patterns","volume":"5","author":"Rahimi F","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"225","volume-title":"Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders","author":"Fahn S","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0153739"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178670"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11020125","article-title":"Personalized bilateral upper limb essential tremor therapy with botulinum toxin using kinematics","volume":"11","author":"Samotus O","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2019.01.023"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Assessment of botulinum neurotoxin injection for dystonic hand tremor: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"78","author":"Rajan R","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2008.10.006"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2015.12","article-title":"Dynamic decomposition of motion in essential and parkinsonian tremor","volume":"42","author":"Rahimi F","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders Clinical 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