{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T06:05:25Z","timestamp":1783922725778,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783814400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disord Clin Pract"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by asymmetric limb rigidity, apraxia, dystonia, and myoclonus, with no approved symptomatic or disease\u2010modifying drug treatments. Neurologic music therapy (NMT)\u00ae\u00a0employs evidence\u2010based techniques targeting sensorimotor rehabilitation, and high\u2010definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD\u2010tDCS) modulates cortical excitability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective was to evaluate the preliminary efficacy of active\u2010HD\u2010tDCS + NMT versus sham\u2010HD\u2010tDCS + NMT for upper\u2010limb motor performance in individuals with CBS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this single\u2010center, sham\u2010controlled, triple\u2010masked randomized trial, 20 CBS participants received active HD\u2010tDCS + NMT (n\u2009=\u200910) or sham HD\u2010tDCS + NMT (n\u2009=\u200910) across six 30\u2010minute sessions over 3\u2009weeks. Primary outcomes included Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), Box and Block Test (BBT), and Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT). Secondary outcomes assessed CBS\u2010specific function, praxis, cognition, and anxiety. Linear mixed\u2010effects models examined the main and interaction effects of group (active vs. sham) and time (baseline, postintervention, follow\u2010up), with sex and years since diagnosis as covariates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We found no significant main effect of group but a significant main effect of timepoint, with significant improvements from T1 to T2 and T3 on the BBT, PPT, and WMFT, along with reductions in anxiety scores. The WMFT additionally showed a significant group \u00d7 time interaction, reflecting differing longitudinal patterns of change across groups. Significant within\u2010group improvements were observed in the active HD\u2010tDCS group (\u0394\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20096.30 at T1\u2013T2,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0002,\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.35; \u0394\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20097.20 at T1\u2013T3,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0001,\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.54), although between\u2010group differences at individual timepoints were not statistically significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both NMT alone and combined NMT\u2009+\u2009HD\u2010tDCS were feasible in CBS and were associated with improvements in selected upper\u2010limb motor outcomes, although findings varied across assessments. The results further suggest a possible additive benefit of concurrent HD\u2010tDCS and NMT, warranting larger controlled trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.70734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T05:12:31Z","timestamp":1783919551000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Randomized Controlled Trial of Dual Upper\u2010Extremity Training [DUET]: Combining Neurologic Music Therapy\u00ae with Noninvasive Brain Stimulation for Upper\u2010Limb Performance in Corticobasal Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8061-4456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyurim","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Music and Medicine, Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland 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