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Local field potentials (LFPs) recorded from deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes provide a unique opportunity to characterize the electrophysiological signatures underlying this network. We performed a systematic review of acute and chronic LFP recordings in dystonia to define common oscillatory patterns and propose a pathophysiological framework. Ninety three studies including 862 patients were analyzed, comprising predominantly globus pallidus internus (GPi) recordings, alongside subthalamic nucleus (STN) and other network nodes. Across dystonia subtypes, increased low\u2010frequency oscillatory activity (approximately 3\u201312\u2009Hz) was the most consistent finding, particularly within the GPi, where it often correlated with clinical severity and demonstrated coherence with cortical and muscle activity. Raised activity across other frequencies were inconsistently observed and appeared to reflect specific disease states or phenotypes rather than a unifying biomarker. Oscillatory abnormalities extended beyond the pallidum to include the GPe, STN and cortex, supporting a model of widespread network dysfunction. Both acute and chronic DBS studies demonstrated that stimulation can modulate low\u2010frequency activity and network coherence, although these changes do not consistently parallel clinical improvement. Emerging chronic sensing technologies highlight temporal variability and longer\u2010term network dynamics not captured in acute recordings. Overall, dystonia is characterized by abnormal low\u2010frequency synchronization across distributed motor networks rather than a single pathological oscillation. Chronic\u2010sensing provides a unique opportunity to study long\u2010term network dynamics and may support biomarker development for personalized stimulation strategies in dystonia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.70744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T05:44:53Z","timestamp":1784871893000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Acute and Chronic Local Field Potential Recordings in Dystonia\u2014A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Jack","family":"Horan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Beaumont Hospital  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Dublin Neurological Institute Mater Misericordiae University Hospital  Dublin 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Misericordiae University Hospital  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dublin Neurological Institute Mater Misericordiae University Hospital  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Moran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Beaumont Hospital  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Dublin Neurological Institute Mater Misericordiae University Hospital  Dublin 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