{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T10:19:07Z","timestamp":1791541147658,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disord Clin Pract"],"DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.70775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T06:45:21Z","timestamp":1786689921000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Levodopa and Melanoma: Practical Recommendations for Parkinson's Disease\u2014International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Scientific Issues Committee Viewpoint"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1629-1282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgia","family":"Sciacca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies GF Ingrassia University of Catania  Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inas","family":"Elsayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy University of Gezira  Wadmadani Sudan"},{"name":"Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine and Medical Science University College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Perez\u2010Lloret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Observatorio de Salud P\u00fablica, Calidad de Vida y Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Psicolog\u00eda y Psicopedagog\u00eda, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica Argentina Consejo de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET)  Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Buenos Aires  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1679-1727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago F.","family":"Outeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen Center for Bio\u2010structural Imaging of Neurodegeneration  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"},{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom"},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina e Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas (FMCB) Universidade do Algarve  Faro Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivek K.","family":"Unni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research Oregon Health and Science University  Portland Oregon USA"},{"name":"OHSU Parkinson Center Oregon Health and Science University  Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffery H.","family":"Kordower","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASU\u2010Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center  Tempe Arizona USA"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences Arizona State University  Tempe Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5796-5442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital Schleswig\u2010Holstein, Campus Kiel and Christian Albrechts\u2010University of Kiel  Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9384-1305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorraine V.","family":"Kalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital University Health Network (UHN)  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the MDS Scientific Issues Committee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"15","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adq2519","article-title":"Alpha\u2010synuclein regulates nucleolar DNA double\u2010strand break repair in melanoma","volume":"11","author":"Arnold MR","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-015-0044-y","article-title":"The association between Parkinson's disease and melanoma: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"4","author":"Huang P","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-046329","article-title":"Parkinson's disease and cancer: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of over 17 million participants","volume":"11","author":"Zhang X","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.04.028","article-title":"Cancer incidence among Parkinson's disease patients in a 10\u2010yrs time\u2010window around disease onset: a large\u2010scale cohort study","volume":"28","author":"Peretz C","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-310239","article-title":"Frequency and profile of Parkinson's disease prodromi in patients with malignant melanoma","volume":"87","author":"Walter U","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23006","article-title":"Cancer incidence in a trial of an antiapoptotic agent for Parkinson's disease","volume":"25","author":"Schwid SR","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2012.2261","article-title":"Shared predispositions of parkinsonism and cancer: a population\u2010based pedigree\u2010linked study","volume":"69","author":"Kareus SA","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29337","article-title":"Investigation of shared genetic risk factors between Parkinson's disease and cancers","volume":"38","author":"Sugier PE","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-202474","article-title":"No evidence for a causal relationship between cancers and Parkinson's disease","volume":"11","author":"Senkevich K","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00044.2003","article-title":"Melanin pigmentation in mammalian skin and its hormonal regulation","volume":"84","author":"Slominski A","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s10863-009-9257-z","article-title":"The role of dopamine oxidation in mitochondrial dysfunction: implications for Parkinson's disease","volume":"41","author":"Hastings TG","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bioenerg Biomembr"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010481","article-title":"Parkinson's disease\u2010related protein, alpha\u2010synuclein, in malignant melanoma","volume":"5","author":"Matsuo Y","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045183","article-title":"The role of alpha\u2010synuclein in melanin synthesis in melanoma and dopaminergic neuronal cells","volume":"7","author":"Pan T","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2015.09.012","article-title":"Interactions of iron, dopamine and neuromelanin pathways in brain aging and Parkinson's disease","volume":"155","author":"Zucca FA","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"18","key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181fb4466","article-title":"Common pathogenic pathways in melanoma and Parkinson disease","volume":"75","author":"Paisan\u2010Ruiz C","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4302","key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1126\/science.877570","article-title":"L\u2010dopa: selective toxicity for melanoma cells in vitro","volume":"197","author":"Wick MM","year":"1977","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12515896","article-title":"The use of L\u2010dopa and carbidopa in metastatic malignant melanoma","volume":"96","author":"Gurney H","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","first-page":"556","article-title":"Multiple primary melanoma following administration of levodopa","volume":"93","author":"Skibba JL","year":"1972","journal-title":"Arch Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","first-page":"213","article-title":"Levodopa and malignant melanoma","volume":"95","author":"Robinson E","year":"1973","journal-title":"Arch Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00312480","article-title":"Parkinson's disease, melanoma, and levodopa","volume":"215","author":"Fermaglich J","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1980.01640330079019","article-title":"Levodopa administration and multiple primary cutaneous melanomas","volume":"116","author":"Bernstein JE","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1984.03350080017013","article-title":"Choroidal melanoma and levodopa","volume":"252","author":"Abramson DH","year":"1984","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","first-page":"572","article-title":"Malignant melanoma and levodopa","volume":"33","author":"Rosin MA","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.48.6.585","article-title":"Levodopa and melanoma: three cases and review of literature","volume":"48","author":"Rampen FH","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.76.4.246","article-title":"Lid melanoma and parkinsonism","volume":"76","author":"Haider SA","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459208986663","article-title":"Accelerated growth of malignant melanoma by levodopa in Parkinson's disease and role of the pineal gland","volume":"63","author":"Sandyk R","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(97)80385-4","article-title":"Malignant melanoma and levodopa: is there a relationship? Two new cases and a review of the literature","volume":"37","author":"Pfutzner W","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2009.00624.x","article-title":"Twenty\u2010two cutaneous primary melanomas in a patient with high genetic predisposition to melanoma receiving levodopa therapy for Parkinson's disease","volume":"22","author":"Charles J","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2018.10.005","article-title":"Eruptive melanocytic nevi in a patient with Parkinson disease treated by carbidopa\u2010levodopa","volume":"5","author":"Haraszti S","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(03)00040-3","article-title":"Malignant melanoma and levodopa in Parkinson's disease: causality or coincidence?","volume":"9","author":"Fiala KH","year":"2003","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2009.05.002","article-title":"Parkinson's disease, levodopa\u2010use and the risk of melanoma","volume":"15","author":"Vermeij JD","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.19150","article-title":"Levodopa therapy and the risk of malignant melanoma","volume":"34","author":"Siple JF","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21273","article-title":"Malignant melanoma in early Parkinson's disease: the DATATOP trial","volume":"22","author":"Constantinescu R","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21397","article-title":"Treatment with levodopa and risk for malignant melanoma","volume":"22","author":"Olsen JH","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-011-0580-2","article-title":"High prevalence of malignant melanoma in Israeli patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"118","author":"Inzelberg R","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neural Transm (Vienna)"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1978.03290060056015","article-title":"Levodopa therapy and malignant melanoma","volume":"240","author":"Sober AJ","year":"1978","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-019-01195-3","article-title":"Levodopa\u2010induced skin disorders in patients with Parkinson disease: a systematic literature review approach","volume":"119","author":"Bougea A","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.5422","article-title":"The risk of melanoma with rasagiline compared with other antiparkinsonian medications: a retrospective cohort study in the United States medicare database","volume":"31","author":"Johannes CB","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0000000000001807","article-title":"Melanocytic hyperactivation simulating an acral lentiginous melanoma in a patient with Parkinson disease treated by levodopa","volume":"43","author":"Porcar Saura S","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.4.674","article-title":"Levodopa, melanoma, and Parkinson's disease","volume":"43","author":"Weiner WJ","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mdc3.70775","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mdc3.70775","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mdc3.70775","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T06:45:26Z","timestamp":1786689926000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mdc3.70775"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mdc3.70775"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mdc3.70775","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2330-1619","2330-1619"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2330-1619","type":"print"},{"value":"2330-1619","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"mdc3.70775"}}