{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T09:11:51Z","timestamp":1790241111697,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2023\u2010146644OB\u2010I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2023\u2010146644OB\u2010I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disord Clin Pract"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Digital handwriting distinguishes PD patients from healthy controls but is rarely assessed quantitatively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate digital handwriting as an objective tool to assess motor impairment, dopaminergic response, and progression in PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants (Healthy Controls,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200952; De Novo PD Patients assessed at baseline and after 7\u2009weeks,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200950; PD Patients in OFF\u2013ON states following inhaled levodopa,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200926; PD Progression Patients,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200960) wrote a standard sentence on a digitizing tablet.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>De Novo PD Patients showed reduced handwriting speed and increased in\u2010air time. Acute dopaminergic stimulation in OFF\u2013ON states was associated with shorter in\u2010surface and in\u2010air time. Longer disease duration was associated with increased variability in speed and acceleration. Higher MDS\u2010UPDRS Part III scores were associated with lower speed and acceleration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Digital handwriting is an objective digital biomarker for quantifying PD dysgraphia and its response to dopaminergic treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.70835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T08:51:17Z","timestamp":1790239877000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Digital Handwriting Reveals Motor Impairment, Dopaminergic Response, and Progression in Parkinson's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0663-6790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lola","family":"D\u00edaz\u2010Feliz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Neuroscience School of Medicine, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"PhD Program in Neuroscience Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid\u2010Cajal Institute  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Hospitales Universitarios San Roque  Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain"},{"name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit; School of Medicine Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias (UFPC)  Santa Mar\u00eda de Gu\u00eda Spain"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Hospital Universitario Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz  Madrid 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