{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T07:49:28Z","timestamp":1791791368394,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disord Clin Pract"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, leading to increasing functional dependence even after deep brain stimulation (DBS). Although DBS improves motor outcomes, its long\u2010term impact on caregiver burden remains poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our aims were to evaluate caregiver burden after subthalamic nucleus (STN)\u2010DBS and identify patient\u2010 and caregiver\u2010related factors associated with burden across different postoperative time points.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study of caregivers of PD patients who underwent STN\u2010DBS at a tertiary center, stratified by time since surgery (2\u20133, 5\u20136, 10\u201311, and\u2009\u226515\u2009years), was conducted. Caregivers completed the Zarit Burden Interview, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and an investigator\u2010developed questionnaire. Patient clinical data, including the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Part III, scores, were obtained from medical records. Group comparisons and multivariable regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with caregiver burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty\u2010eight patient\u2013caregiver pairs were included. Caregivers were predominantly female (62.5%), with a mean age of 60.0\u2009\u00b1\u200912.3\u2009years. Caregiver burden was mild to moderate but increased independently with longer time postsurgery. Higher burden was associated with younger caregiver age, higher anxiety and depression scores, greater caregiving time, less personal time, and patient\u2010related factors, including dysphagia, dementia, and male sex. Motor severity (UPDRS III, falls, postural instability) was not associated with caregiver burden. Most caregivers considered STN\u2010DBS beneficial and would choose surgery again.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Caregiver burden increased with longer time after STN\u2010DBS and was associated with dementia, dysphagia, and caregiver\u2010related factors but not with motor severity. Several associated factors are potentially modifiable, supporting systematic caregiver assessment and targeted interventions as part of long\u2010term PD management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.70851","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T07:37:08Z","timestamp":1791790628000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Caregiver Burden and Its Determinants After Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease: A Cross\u2010Sectional Long\u2010Term Follow\u2010Up Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8716-0804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Margarido","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health Department Faculty of 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