{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T11:44:13Z","timestamp":1791978253571,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008091","name":"University of Rochester","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Anonymous estate gift for research in Parkinson's disease"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Anonymous estate gift for research in Parkinson's disease"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008091","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disord Clin Pract"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In people with Parkinson's disease, abnormal levels of vitamin B6 may be associated with polyneuropathy and epileptic seizures, including medication\u2010refractory status epilepticus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate the prevalence and explore associations of abnormal levels of vitamin B6 in people with Parkinson's disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross\u2010sectional study, fasting serum levels of vitamin B6 and related metabolites were measured in 144 people with Parkinson's disease randomly recruited from eligible clinic patients, compared with 144 historical controls matched for age, sex, diet, and vitamin supplementation. Mixed\u2010effects logistic regression was used to compare the prevalences of abnormal B6 levels, and mixed\u2010effects analysis of variance was used to compare mean B6 levels between groups. Mixed effects regression models were used to examine associations between B6 levels and pre\u2010defined demographic and clinical variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean age was 71\u2009years (range\u2009=\u200943\u201387) and 38.2% were female. Almost all were treated with carbidopa\/levodopa (n\u2009=\u2009140\/144, mean levodopa dosage\u2009=\u2009800\u2009mg\/day, mean treatment duration\u2009=\u200978\u2009months). The prevalence of B6 deficiency in people with Parkinson's disease was 36.1% compared to 4.9% in controls (OR\u2009=\u200911.4, 95% CI\u2009=\u20094.9\u201326.5,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The average B6 level in people with Parkinson's disease was approximately half of that in controls (ratio of geometric means\u2009=\u20090.49, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.41\u20130.58,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The severity of levodopa\u2010associated motor complications (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04) and the presence of epileptic seizures (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006) were associated with lower log\u2010transformed B6 levels.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitamin B6 deficiency is highly prevalent in people with Parkinson's disease. Active monitoring should be conducted in those with levodopa\u2010associated motor complications or epileptic seizures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.70865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:44:11Z","timestamp":1791974651000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and Associations of Abnormal Levels of Vitamin\n                    <scp>B6<\/scp>\n                    in People with Parkinson's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9766-6252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karlo J.","family":"Lizarraga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry  Rochester New York USA"},{"name":"Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School The University of Texas at Austin  Austin Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry  Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1548-0622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Mesmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry  Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nami","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry  Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0891-0052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry  Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0403-3881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Logigian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry  Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7443-9145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael P.","family":"McDermott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry  Rochester New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry  Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1229-3667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony E.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003629"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31823a0ee4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.70189"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CND.0000000000000049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.120690"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12688"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-012-0856-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009647"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000525234"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19418744251360306"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration.Drug Safety Communications. FDA is requiring warning about vitamin B6 deficiency and associated seizures for drug products containing carbidopa\/levodopa;2026. Accessed June 16 2026.https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/drug\u2010safety\u2010communications\/fda\u2010requiring\u2010warning\u2010about\u2010vitamin\u2010b6\u2010deficiency\u2010and\u2010associated\u2010seizures\u2010drug\u2010products\u2010containing."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.5.1446"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.National Center for Health Statistics. National Health and Examination Survey; Accessed June 16 2026.https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhanes."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26424"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22340"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23429"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2009.02667.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15870"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.14243"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/labmed-2022-0081"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-071714-034330"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","first-page":"81","article-title":"Pyridoxine reversal of L\u2010dopa effects in parkinsonism","volume":"94","author":"Duvoisin RC","year":"1969","journal-title":"Trans Am Neurol Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1970.03170100062021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25585"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-2226"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac225"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac248"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mdc3.70865","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mdc3.70865","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mdc3.70865","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:44:14Z","timestamp":1791974654000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mdc3.70865"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mdc3.70865"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mdc3.70865","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2330-1619","2330-1619"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2330-1619","type":"print"},{"value":"2330-1619","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-07-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"mdc3.70865"}}