{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T06:42:08Z","timestamp":1792564928298,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Movement Disord Clin Pract"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tic disorders frequently co\u2010occur with neurodevelopmental conditions, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the impact of ASD on tic phenomenology, severity, and treatment patterns remains incompletely understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare clinical characteristics, tic phenomenology, severity, and treatment patterns in individuals with tic disorders with and without comorbid ASD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a cross\u2010sectional analysis of 535 participants from Calgary Child and Adult Tic Disorders Clinical Registries. Tic severity was assessed using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS). Comorbidities, tic phenomenology, and pharmacological treatments were recorded. ASD and non\u2010ASD groups were compared using\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010tests and chi\u2010square tests.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean age at tic onset was 6.79\u2009years; 73.3% were male, and 9.2% had ASD. ASD was associated with higher rates of complex motor (arm 20.4% vs 9.9%; hand 24.5% vs 13.9%) and vocal tics (phrases 12.2% vs 3.5%; palilalia 20.4% vs 8.3%; blocking\/stuttering 16.3% vs 6.2%) compared with non\u2010ASD participants (all\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), with similar overall severity. ASD was also associated with higher rates of ADHD (81.6% vs 44.7%) and greater use of guanfacine, aripiprazole, risperidone, methylphenidate, and dextroamphetamine compared with non\u2010ASD participants (all\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In multivariable analysis, ASD was independently associated with lower tic\u2010related impairment (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22124.49, 95% CI \u22128.46 to \u22120.51;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.027).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Comorbid ASD in tic disorders is associated with higher rates of complex motor and vocal tics, while severity is similar to non\u2010ASD. Lower tic\u2010related impairment may reflect communication differences. Comorbid symptoms influenced treatment supporting the need for individualized management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.70882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T05:52:32Z","timestamp":1792561952000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["When Tics and Autism Meet: Phenomenology, Severity, and Treatment Patterns"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4559-3084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatimah","family":"Aldurayhim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Calgary  Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Neuroscience Center King Fahad Specialist Hospital  Dammam Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2217-0487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Calgary  Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justyna R.","family":"Sarna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Calgary  Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8229-8431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara","family":"Pringsheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Calgary  Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences University of Calgary  Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary  Calgary AB Canada"},{"name":"Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education  Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM\u20105\u2010TR)","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.12.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-017-0196-x","article-title":"Tourette syndrome and other neurodevelopmental disorders: a comprehensive review","volume":"11","author":"Cravedi E","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2005.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40474-016-0099-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-023-07095-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2019.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023341"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198907000-00015","article-title":"The Yale global tic severity scale: initial testing of a clinician\u2010rated scale of tic severity","volume":"28","author":"Leckman JF","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"19","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1711","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005474","article-title":"A multicenter examination and strategic revisions of the Yale global tic severity scale","volume":"90","author":"McGuire JF","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2016.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04995-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.2702.183"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1010615"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361307070992","article-title":"Tics and Tourette syndrome in autism spectrum disorders","volume":"11","author":"Canitano R","year":"2007","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12154"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-023-00625-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s003329179900896x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-024-03814-0"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mdc3.70882","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mdc3.70882","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mdc3.70882","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T05:52:33Z","timestamp":1792561953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mdc3.70882"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mdc3.70882"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mdc3.70882","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2330-1619","2330-1619"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2330-1619","type":"print"},{"value":"2330-1619","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"mdc3.70882"}}